2013高考英语二轮专题思路点拨及增分训练—阅读理解11Doesyourolderbrotherthinkhe’sclevererthanyou?Well,he’sprobablyright．AccordingtoanewresearchpublishedinthejournalIntelligence,theoldestchildreninfamiliesarelikelytohavethehighestIQsandtheyoungestthelowest,AnumberofstudieshavesuggestedthatIQscoresdeclinewithbirthorder．Inthemostrecentstudy,atVrijeUniversity,Amsterdam,researcherslookedatmenandwomenwhoseIQhadbeentestedattheagesof5，12，and18．Theresults,whichshowatrendfortheoldesttoscorebetterthantheyoungestineachtest,involvedabout200,000people．Thatshowedthatfirst-bornshadathree-pointIQadvantageoverthesecond-born,whowasapointaheadofthenextinline．Theorderofbirthcanalsoaffectpersonality,achievement,andcareer,withfirst-bornsbeingmoreacademicallysuccessfulandmorelikelytowinNobelprizes．However,eldsetchildrenarelesslikelytoberadicalandpioneering．CharlesDarwin,forexample,wasthefifthchildofsix．Exactlywhythereshouldbesuchdifferencesisnotclear,andthereareanumberoftheoriesonenvironmentalinfluencesonthechild．Theso-calleddilution(稀释法)theorysuggeststhatasfamilyresources,bothemotionalandphysical,aswellaseconomic,arelimited,itfollowsthat,asaresult,asmorechildrencomealong,thelevelsofparentalattentionandencouragementwilldrop．Anothertheoryisthattheintellectual(智力)environmentinthefamilyfavorsthefirst-bornwhohas,atleastforsometime,thebenefitofindividualcareandhelp．Thetheorywhichenjoysthemostsupportisthattheextratimeandpatiencethattheearlier-bornsgetfromtheirparents,comparedwiththosearrivinglater,givesthemanadvantage．72．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．IQscoreshavelittletodowiththeorderofbirth．-8-\nB．Intellectualfamiliesfavorthefirst-bornC．TheorderofbirthcanhaveaneffectonIQD．Theorderofbirthcanaffectpersonality,achievement,andcarrer．73．ByusingCharlesDarwinasanexample,theauthorwantstoprovethatA．eldestchildrenarethesmartestinafamilyB．youngestchildrenwillusuallybecomeexpertsC．first-bornsaremorelikelytowinNobelprizesD．eldestchildrenarelesslikelytotrysomethingnew74．Whatdoweknowaboutthedilutiontheory?A．Intellectualparentslovethefirst–bornbetterB．Parents’attentionwilldropwithmorechildrencomingC．Familyresources,bothemotionalandphysicalareendless．D．First-borngetlesscareandhelpfromtheirparents．75．ThepassageisdevelopedmainlybyA．offeringopinionwithfurtherexplanationB．pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferenceC．comparingopinionsfromdifferentfieldsD．providingtypicalexamples参考答案72---75、CDBAAAn18-year-oldstudenthaswonalocalelectiontobecomemayorofhishometownintheUSstateofMichigan．MichaelSessionswonbyjusttwovotestobeathisonlyrival（对手）,the51-year-oldformermayor．Mr.．Sessionsowedhiselectoralsuccesstothevotescastbyhisparents．Hewillnowhavetobalanceschedulesbetweenattendingschoolandfulfillinghiscivicduties．Hewillattendhisschoolclassesbetween8amto3pmandcarryouthisnewjobastheelectedmayorofHillsdalebeforedinnerat6pm．Heaimstodeliveronhiscampaignpromisesofincreasingthenumberoffull-timefire-fightersfromthreetofour,revitalizing（复兴）thelocaleconomyandenablingtownsfolktoairtheirviewsandcomplaints（抱怨）ontownlife．-8-\nMr．Sessionswastooyoungtoentertheelectionwhenitwasfirstannounced–heturned18onlyinSeptember,whichmeanthehadjustfourweeksofcampaigning．AlthoughheistheyoungestelectedofficialinAmerica,hecannotcelebratehissuccesswithchampagnebecausehewouldbeseizedbythepoliceforunderagedrinking．Heranforofficewithabudgetof$700,whichhemadefromhissummerjobofsellingtoffeeapples．Hisnewpositiondoesnotcomewithanoffice．Instead,hewillreceiveayearlysalaryof$3,600tocoverbasicexpenses．Hestartshisfour-yearpositiononNovember21．Mr.．Sessionshasbecomefamousovernightsincehisvictoryandhasalreadydoneaseriesoftelevisionchatshowinterviews．56．HowdidMichaelSessionswinhiselection?A．Bysellingtoffeeapplesduringthesummer．B．Bymakingpromisesbeforetheelection．C．Bybeatingtheformermayorintheface．D．Bygettingtwomorevotesfromhisparents．57．HestartedhiscampaignonlyinSeptemberbecause________．A．hewastooyoungtorunforpublicofficebeforethenB．thentheelectionwasfirstannouncedC．thecandidateshadonlyfourweeksofcampaigningD．ItcouldonlyhappeninAmerica58．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．An18-year-oldhasbeenelectedmayorofWashingtonD．C．B．Thenewlyelectedmayorwillstopgoingtoschoolaftertakingoffice．C．Hewillnotgethisownoffice．D．Theyoungmanwantstobecomeatelevisionchatshowhost．59．Whichwillbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．18-year-oldElectedasUSMayorB．YoungorOldB．FamousOvernightD．Parents’Support参考答案56—59DACABTheround-the-clock（24小时不断的）availabilitythatcellphonehavebroughttopeople’slivesmaybetakingatollonfamilylife，anewstudysuggests．Thestudy，whichfollowedmorethan1，300adultsover2years,foundthatthosewhoconsistentlyusedamobilephonethroughoutthestudyperiodweremorelikelytoreportnegative“spillover’’betweenworkandhomelife—and，inturn,lesssatisfactionwiththeirfamilylife．Spilloveressentially（本质上）meansthatthelinebetweenworkandhomebeginstobecomeunclear．Worklifemayinvadehomelifewhena．parentistakingjob—relatedcallsathome，forinstance--orfamilyissuesmaystarttotakeupworktime．For-8-\nexample，achildmaycallmomatwork，tellingher"microwaveexploded”explainedNoelleChesley，anassistantprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofWisconsin—Milwaukeeandtheauthorofthestudy．Theproblemwithcellphonesseemstobethattheyareallowingforevermorespilloverbetweenworkandhome．‘Thismaybeespeciallytrueforworkingwomen，thestudyfound．Amongmen，consistentuseofmobilephonesseemedtoallowmoreworkissuestocreep（潜入）intofamilytime．Butforwomen，thespillovertendedtogoinbothdirectionsbeing“connected”meantthatworkcutintohometime，andfamilyissuescame：intoworklife．Cellphonesseemtobeopeningmorelinesforstressfulexchangesamongfamilymembers．Buttheremaybewaystocontrolthespillover，accordingtoChesley．Employers,shesaid，couldlookattheirpoliciesoncontactingemployeesafterhourstomakesuretheirexpectationsare“reasonable”．Fortheirpart，employeescoulddecidethatcellphonesgooffduringfamilytime,Chesleysaid．60．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takingatoll’’probablymeaninParagraph1?A．Explaining．B．Protecting．C．ExtendingD．Damaging．61．Whatisthepurposeofofferingtheexample“microwaveexploded”inthesecondparagraph?A．Toshowthemicrowaveisofpoorquality．B．Toindicatehowdependentthechildis．C．Toindicatefamilyissuesaffectworkhours．D．Toshowworktimecreepsintofamilylife62．Asaresultofnegative“spillover”，peoplewillfeel_____．A．1esssatisfiedwiththeirfamilylife．B．1esssatisfiedwiththeirwork．C．angrywiththeirtroublesomechildrenD．unwillingtogetmarriedatanearlyage．63．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A．spillovermakesthelinebetweenworkandhomeunclearB．cellphonesseemtobeconvenienttofamiliesC．cellphonesaffectmenasmuchaswomenD．wecandonothingtosolvetheproblem参考答案60-63DCAAC-8-\nYearsago,whenIstartedlookingformyfirstjob,wiseadvisersadvised,“Barbara,beenthusiastic!Enthusiasmwilltakeyoufurtherthananyamountofexperience.”Howrighttheywere!“Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm．”WroteRalphWaldoEmerson．Itisthepastethathelpsyouhangontherewhenthegoinggetstough.Itistheinnervoicethatwhispers,“Icandoit!”Whenothersshout,“No,youcan’t!”IttookyearsandyearsfortheearlyworkofBarbaraMclintock,ageneticistwhowonthe1983NobelPrizeinmedicine,tobegenerallyaccepted.Yetshedidn’tstopworkingonherexperiments.Workwassuchadeeppleasureforherthatsheneverthoughtofstopping.Weareallbornwithwide-eyed,enthusiasticwonderanditisthischildlikewonderthatgivesenthusiasticpeoplesuchyouthfulair,whatevertheirage.At90,cellistPabloCasalswouldstarthisdaybyplayingBach.Asthemusicflowedthroughhisfingers,hisstoopedshoulderswouldstraightenandjoywouldreappearinhiseyes.AsauthorandpoetSamuelUlmanoncewrote,“Yearswrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.”Enthusiasticpeoplealsolovewhattheydo,regardlessofmoneyortitleorpower.PatriciaMellratlretireddirectoroftheMissouriRepertoryTheaterinKansasCity,wasonceaskedwhereshegotherenthusiasm.Shereplied,“Myfather,longago,toldme，InevermadeadimeuntilIstoppedworkingformoney.”Ifwecannotdowhatweloveasafull-timecareer,wecanasahobby.ElizabethLaytonWellsville，Kan，was68beforeshebegantodraw.Thisactivityendedperiodsofdepressionthattroubledherforatleast30yearsandthequalityofherworkledonecritictosay,“Iamtemptedintoagenius.”Wecan’taffordtowastetearson“might-have-been”.Weneedtoturnthetearsintosweataswegoafter“what-can-be”．Weneedtoliveeachmomentwhole-heartedly,withalloursenses—findingpleasureinthesweetsmellofaback-yardgarden,thesimplepictureofasix-year-old,thebeautyofarainbow.64.Theauthorholdstheviewthat______.A.enthusiasmismoreimportantthanexperienceB.enthusiasmcangivepeoplemoresuccessandfameC.enthusiasticpeoplewillnevergetoldD.enthusiasmcanmakeyousucceedandenjoylife65.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2?A.EnthusiasticpeopleneverconsidermoneyandfameB.EnthusiasticpeoplecangaingreatfameandhonorC.EnthusiasmcangiveyoucourageandstrengthindifficulttimesD.Ifyoudon’thaveenthusiasm，youcanachievenothing66.TheauthormentionscellistPabloCasalsinParagraph3toshowthat______.A.enthusiasmcanmakepeoplefeelyoungB.musiccanarousepeople’senthusiasm-8-\nC.enthusiasmcangivepeopleinspirationneededtosucceedD.enthusiasmcankeeppeoplehealthy67.Howmanyexamplesaregiveninthepassagetoshowtheimportanceofenthusiasm?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five参考答案64-67DCACDTODAY,Friday,November12JAZZwiththeMikeThomasJazzBandatTheDerbyArms.UpperRichmondRoadWest,Sheen.DISCOSatinSoundsDisco.FreeatTheLordNapier,MortlakeHighSt.,from8a.m.to8p.m.Tel:682—1158.SATURDAY,November13JAZZLysisatTheBull’sHead,Barnes.Admission60p.MUSICALHALLatTheStarandGarter,LowerRichmondRoad,Putney,providedbytheAbaDabaMusicHallcompany.Goodfoodandentertainmentfairprice.Tel:789—6749.FAMILYnightout?Jointhesing-alongatTheBlackHorse.SheenRoad,Richmond.JAZZTheJohnBennettBigBandatTheBull’sHead,Barnes.Admission80p.THEDERBYARMS,UpperRichmondRoadWest,giveyouJoeontheelectricaccordion(手风琴).Tel:789—4536SUNDAY,November14DISCOSatinSoundsDisco,freeatTheLordNapier,MortLakeHighStreet,from8a.m.to8p.m.FOLKMUSICatTheDerbyArms.TheShortStuffandresidentstheNormanChopTrio.Non-remembers70p.Tel:688—4626.HEAVYMUSICwithTonySimonatTheBull,UpperRichmondRoadWest,EastSheen.THEDERBYARMS,UpperRichmondRoadWest,giveyouJoeontheelectricaccordion.68.WhereandwhencanyouheartheNormanChopTrio?A.AttheBull’sHeadonSunday.B.AttheDerbyArmsonSunday.C.AttheBullonSaturday.D.AttheBlackHorseonSaturday.69.WhereandwhencanyouheartheMikeThomasJazzBand?A.AttheDerbyArmsonFriday.B.AttheBlackHorseonFriday.C.AttheStarandGarteronSaturday.D.AttheDerbyArmsonSunday.70.YouwanttoenjoytheelectricaccordiononSaturday.Whichtelephonenumberdoyouhavetoringtofindoutwhattimeitstarts?A.789—6749.B.789—4536.C.682—1158.D.688—4626.71.YouwanttospendtheSaturdaybyjoiningtheentertainmentwithyourfamily.Whereshouldyougo?A.DiscoatTheLordNapier.B.Thesing-alongatTheBlackHorse.-8-\nC.TheelectricaccordionatTheDerbyArms.D.JazzatTheBull’sHead.参考答案68-71BABBENaturerespondstoclimatechange.Tounderstandit,weneedtomonitorkeylifecycleevents—flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring-allaroundtheworld．Butscientistscan’tbeeverywheresothey’returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forhelp．AgroupofscientistsandeducatorssetupanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork．“Phenology”iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature．Oneofthegroup’sfirsteffortsdependsonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear．Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataondifferentkindsofusualplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates．“Peopledon’thavetobeplantexperts—theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat’sintheirneighborhood,”saysJenniferSchwartz,anadviserwiththeproject．“Aswecollectthisdata,we’llbeabletopredicthowplantsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges．”Thatdatawillhelpscientistspredictnotonlyhownaturalcommunitiesmaychangebutalsohowthesechangeswillaffectpeople．ScientistsmonitoringlilacfloweringinthewesternUnitedStatesreportedthatinyearswhenlilacsbloomedearly—beforeMay20th—wildfireslaterinthesummerandfallarelargerandmoresevere．Lilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbell,Jennifersays.Improvedmonitoringisanimportantsteptowardpredictinghownaturalcommunitieswillrespondtoclimatechange．“Thebestwayforustoincreaseourknowledgeofhowplantsandanimalsarerespondingtoclimatechangeistoincreasetheamountofdatawehave,”hesays．“That’swhyweneedcitizenscientiststogetasmuchinformationfromasmanyplacesonasmanyspeciesoveraslongatimeperiodaswecan．”72．TheNationalPhenologyNetworkissetupto______．A．researchhownaturemakesresponsetoclimatechangeB．keeparecordofwhatishappeninginnatureC．makeastudyofthefirstfrogcallsofthespringD．judgewhatplantswilldieoutinthefuture73．ThetaskofProjectBudBurstisto______．A．growmoreplantstoimprovetheclimateB．collectinformationaboutusualplantsC．makecitizenstelldifferentplants-8-\nD．findouthowmanykindsofplantsthereareinAmerica74．Bysaying“Lilacbloomingcouldserveasanalarmbell”inPara6,Jennifermeant______.A．lilacflowerscouldmakepeoplefeelanxiousorafraidB．lilacscouldwarnpeopleofthedangerofwildlifeC．thebloomingoflilacscouldpredictthehappeninggofwildfiresD．theflowersoflilacscouldbeusedtowakepeopleup75．Themainideaofthispassageis______．A．whyweneedtocollectdataaboutnatureB．whenanalarmbellsoundsfornatureC．whatcitizenscientistsareinAmericaD．hownaturerespondstoclimatechange参考答案72-75ABCD-8-
