阅读中考考点要求：阅读理解题主要考查考生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息的综合语言运用能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、推理判断以及对材料的评估能力等。【解题指导】阅读理解解题方法①直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。②归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。③综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。④捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。⑤转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。⑥排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。【考查内容】1.阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。2.阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要注意文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题或背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。【解题技巧】1.主旨题（Tofindoutthemainidea)其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨题常见题式为：1.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?2.Themainideaofthispassageis_____3.Thepassagemainlytellsus：_________例题1Happinessisforeveryone…Infact,happinessisalwaysaroundyou,ifyouputyourheartintoit…Happinessisnotthesameasmoney,itisafeelingofyourheart…()Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?A.Badluck B.Goodluck C.Happiness D.Life（答案为C）例题2It’ssocrowdedinFlorida!Wehadtowaitalongtimetogoontheridessometimes…..()Theparagraphmainlytellsus_________. A.It’ssocrowdedinFlorida.B.Wehadtowaitalongtime.(答案为A)\n例题3Nowscientistshavetoldussomegoodnewstofighttravelsickness.Chooseanaisle(过道)seatonaplane,trainandsitinthefrontofacar.Avoidstanding.Alwaysfacethesamewaythatyou’retravellingandleaveyourbooksathome.()Theparagraphismainlyabout________?A.WheretositonaplaneB.WhentotravelC.HowtopreventtravelsicknessD.Whyweshouldn’tstand例题4Sixstrongmentriedtopushandpull(拉拽)thebullout,butthebulldidn’tmoveatallandevenattackedthem.Thementhoughtcarefullyanddecidedtofillthebull’smilkbottlewithmilkthenusedittoleadthebullout.Itworkedatlast.Sometimeswemeetwithtroubles.Maybeatfirstyoufinditdifficulttodealwithaproblem.Butthinkingindifferentwaysmayleadyoutothesolution.()Whatdoesthisparagraphwanttotellus?A.Experienceisthebestteacher.B.Somethingtried,somethingdone.C.It’sdangeroustomakeabullangry.D.Whenausualwaycan’thelp,tryanotherway→主旨大意隐含在全篇中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。2. 细节题(Tolookfordetails)细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。例题1Peterstartedplayingforthelocalclubwhenhewasonly10yearsold in1948.In1970,hewasintheteamthatwontheWorldCupforBrazilagain.Hefinallystoppedplayingin1977.HowmanyyearsdidPeterplayfootball?________________________________(答案为29years。抓住两个年份数字1977-1948)细节题中的难点常为此类问题：Whichofthefollowing isTrue/NotTrue?这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。解题技巧为：仔细回读相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于4道。例题2Itseemsthateverybodytellslies-well,notbiglies,butwhatwecall“whitelies”.Tellingwhiteliesisn'tthatbad.Mostofthetime,peopledoitbecausetheywanttoprotectafriendship.( )WhichofthefollowingisnotTrue:A.Whiteliesarenotbiglies. B.Infact,everybodytellslies. C.Peopletellwhiteliestoprotectafriendship. D.Whiteliesareharmfultofriendship.（答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。）（答案为D）例题3AssistantNeededAnassistantisneededinthePizzaHut.He/Shemustbehealthyandshouldhavean\ninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Tel:021-23432569.()Thisadvertisementtellsusthat_______.A.theassistantmustbeaman.B.theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.theassistantmustbegoodatmakingpizza.D.Workexperienceisn’tnecessary.→定位--抓住选项中的关键词,回原文中找到相关句。3. 推断题（Toinferaconclusion)推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。常见题式：Fromthepassageweknowthat______Fromthepassagewecaninfer(推断)that___注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。例题1Thedoctorgavemysistersomemedicine,butitdidnothingtoher. ( )Fromthissentenceknow__________. A.mysisterdidn'tlikethismedicine B.mysistertookthemedicine C.themedicinemademysistersick D.mysistergotbetternow（根据后半句的butitdidnothingtoher推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。）（答案为D）例题2DukeEllingtonisknownasoneofthemostimportantcomposers(作曲家)ofhistime,andhisworkshavebeenenjoyedformorethan80yearsbymusicloversallovertheworld.DuringhislifetimeEllingtonturnedmusicalsoundsintomanycompositions,mostlyinthestyleofJazz()Wemayinferfromthepassagethat___________.A.Ellington’sworksdisappearedquickly.B.Ellingtonlovestravellingaroundtheworld.C.Ellingtoncouldcomposeallkindsofsongs.D.Ellingtonhadagreatinfluenceontheworldofmusic→根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句,进行合理推断、概括的选项为正确答案4.猜测词义题(Toguessthemeaning)猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。常见题式如下：Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans_________.Whatdoestheword“…”mean______.Theunderlined(划线的)wordmeans______例题1Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.\n()Theunderlined(划线的)wordmeans_________A.animals B.plantsC.HumansD.toys（由dogsandmonkeys可推断出，答案为A）例题2Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandoftenprotectyourselffrombeinghurt,soyouareverydefensive.()What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“defensive”?________A.易怒的B.攻击性的C.外向的D.有戒心的→利用因果关系猜测词义例题3Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.Peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects.Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.()“Chemical”inthestorymeans_______.A.化学家B.污染品C.药品D.化学制品（答案为D）→根据已经学习的词根、词缀来推出未知词汇的意思。例题4Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely．()例题5Astrictvegetarianisapersonwhonevereatsmeatinhislife.()→通过释义来推测词意。【能力提升】一、人物故事篇（记叙文）Doyoubelievethatyouaren’tsmarterthan3-year-oldAlexisMartin,oneoftheyoungestmembersofthehighIQclubMensa?Preschooler(学龄前的)Alexis’sIQis159,whichisonlyonepointlowerthanStephenHawking’s.DoctorssaytheaverageIQofapersonisabout100.Shelearnedtoreadattheageof2.ShereadsatafifthgradelevelandhastaughtherselfSpanishonherparents’iPad!Now,sheisamemberoftheMensaClub,whichonlyacceptspeoplewithanIQwithinthetoptwopercentofpeopleintheworld!Alexis’father,IanMartin,saidhefirstrealizedAlexiswasspecialwhenshewas12monthsold.Shecouldrecite(背诵)bedtimestories.“We’dbedrivingaroundinthecarandshewouldreciteherbedtimestoriesfromthenightbefore.Shedidn’tjustrecitethem,andsherecitedthemexactly.”Alexis’fatherwouldtrytotrickherandsaythatherstorywentadifferentway,butshealwayscorrectedhim.Most12-month-oldchildrentaketheirfirststepsontheirownandmost18-month-oldscanonlynameasmallnumberofobjectsandbodyparts,andfollowsimpletwo-stepquestions.EventhoughAlexisisagenius(天才),herparentsarefacedwithlotsofchallengeslikehowtoteachhertomakefriendsofherownage.“Willshegointokindergartenearly?Wearekindofhesitant(迟疑的)becausewedowanthertogettothatsocialworld,”Iansaid.\n()1.AlexisMartinisagirlwho_____________.A.hasmanyhobbiesB.hasahighIQC.isgoodattellingstoriesD.likesreading()2.Accordingtothereport,StephenHawking’sIQisashighas___________.A.158B.159C.160D.101()3.AlexisMartincouldrecitebedtimestoriesat____________.A.theageof2B.theageof1C.oneandahalfyearsoldD.theageof3()4.WhatwouldAlexisdowhenherfathersaidherbedtimestorieswentadifferentway?A.Shewouldrefusetolisten.B.Shewouldtrytoreciteit.C.Shewouldcorrecthim.D.Shewouldlaughatit.()5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAlexisisNOTtrue?A.SheisacceptedbytheMensaClub.B.Shehasmadealotoffriends.C.Shelearnedtoreadattheageof2.D.Shelearnedaforeignlanguagebyherself.二、说明篇Howquicklycanyoucountfromonetoten?Doyouusetendifferentwordstodoit?CanyoudoitinEnglish，ordoyouhavetouseyourfirstlanguage?Doyoucountonyourfingers?Manypeoplethinkthatnumbersandmatharethesameallovertheworld.Butscientistshavediscoveredthatitisnottrue.Peopleindifferentpartsoftheworldusedifferentwaystocountontheirfingers.IntheUnitedStates，peoplebegincountingwiththeirfirstfinger，whichtheyextendorstickout.Theythenextendtherestoftheirfingersandfinallythethumb(拇指)tocounttofive.Thentheyrepeatthiswiththeotherhandtogettoten.InChina，peoplecountbyusingdifferentfingerpositions.Inthisway，aChinesepersoncaneasilycounttotenononlyonehand.Besideswaysoffingercounting，scientistshavefoundthatculturesandlanguagesarealsodifferentwhenitcomestonumbers.Somelanguageshaveonlyafewwordsfornumbers，andothershavenowordsfornumbers.Agroupofscientistsstudiedaboriginal(土著的)peopleinAustralia.Thesepeopledon’thavehandmovementstostandfornumbers.Theydon’tevenhavewordsfornumbers.However，theyarestillabletounderstanddifferentideasaboutnumbers.Inasimilarstudy，researchersfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydiscoveredthatpeopleofthePirahatribe(部落)innorthwesternBrazildon’thavewordsfornumberssuchas“one”or“three”.Theyarenotabletosay“fivetrees”or“tentrees”butcansay“sometrees”,“moretrees”or“manytrees”.ProfessorEdwardGibsonsaidthatmostpeoplebelievethateveryoneknowshowtocount，“Buthereisagroupthatdoesnotcount.Theycouldlearn，butit’snotusefulintheirculture，sothey’veneverpickeditup.”Althoughallhumansareabletounderstandquantities(数量)，notalllanguageshavenumbersandnotallpeopleusecounting.Numberwordsinacertainlanguagearearesult\nofpeopleneedingnumbersintheirdailylives.Nowweknowthatpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutnumbersandmath，too.()6.Thewriterbeginswiththefourquestionsinorderto_______.A.makeasurveyB.interestreadersC.tellastoryD.solvemathproblems()7.WhatdowelearnfromthedifferenceinfingercountingbetweentheU.S.andChina?A.PeoplefromChinacountmuchfasterthanpeoplefromtheU.S.B.PeoplefromChinaneedtwohandstocountfromonetoten.C.Peopleofdifferentculturesmayusedifferentwaysoffingercounting.D.Peopleofdifferentculturesusethesamewayoffingercounting.()8.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutaboriginalAustralians?A.Theyhaveonlyafewwordsfornumbers.B.Theyhavehandmovementstostandfornumbers.C.Theycanonlycounttofiveontheirfingers.D.Theycanunderstanddifferentideasaboutnumbers.()9.ThestudyofthePirahatribeshowsthat_________.A.peopleallovertheworldknowhowtocountB.peopleofthetribehavewordsfornumbersC.somegroupsofpeoplearenotsmartenoughtocountD.countingisnotusefulinthecultureofthetribe()10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutnumbersandmath.B.ChinesepeoplecancountmoreeasilyontheirfingersthanAmericans.C.Insomeaboriginalcultures，peopledon’tevenknowhowtocount.D.Somelanguagesdon’thavenumberwordsbecausepeopledon’tneednumbers.三、应用篇J&MMusicStore•Rock,popandcountrymusic•BuyCDsneworused•Listenbeforeyoubuy•GuitarlessonsofferedPethMarket•Freshfruitandvegetables•OpenFridaytoSundaymornings•Freeicecreamforchildrenunder12TimesCoffeeShop•Thebestcoffeeintown•Sandwiches,cakes,pies•Open10:00a.m—11:00p.m.daily•Jazzmusic(WednesdaytoSunday)Macon'sB&B•Feellikehome•Wehavedifferentkindsofrooms•Delicioushomemadebreakfast()11.Youcan________atJ&MMusicStore.A.receiveguitarlessonsB.borrowneworusedCDsC.learnpopmusichistoryD.buyallkindsofmusicbooks()12.YoucangotoTimesCoffeeShoptohavecoffeeandpiesat_______.A.8:30a.m.B.9:30a.m.C.10:30p.m.D.11:30p.m.\n()13.Ifyourfriendiscomingforavisit,wherewillhestayforanight?A.InJ&MMusicStore.B.InPethMarketC.AtTimesCoffeeShop.D.AtMacon'sB&B.()14.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.ThereisnobreakfastatMacon'sB&B.B.Youcan'tlistentotheCDbeforeyoubuyit.C.TimesCoffeeShopoffersJazzmusiceveryday.D.Kidsunder12cangetfreeicecreaminPethMarket.()15.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Adictionary.B.Anewspaper.C.Astorybook.D.Asciencereport.四、英美作家的经典文学作品（略作改写）OneafternoonItouredanartmuseumwhilewaitingformyhusbandtofinishabusinessmeeting.Iwaslookingforwardtoaquietviewoftheartworks.Ayoungcoupleviewingthepaintingsaheadofmechattednonstopbetweenthemselves.Iwatchedthemamomentanddecidedthewifewasdoingallthetalk.Iadmiredthehusband’spatienceforputtingupwithhercontinuoustalk.Distractedbytheirnoise,Imovedon.ImetwiththemseveraltimesasImovedthroughthedifferentroomsofart.EachtimeIheardherconstantburstofwords,Imovedawayquickly.Iwasstandingatthecounterofthemuseumgiftshopmakingapurchasewhenthecouplecameneartotheexit.Beforetheyleft,themanreachedintohispocketandpulledoutawhiteobject.Heextendeditintoalongstickandtappedhiswayintothecoatroomtogethiswife’sjacket.“He’sabraveman.”Theclerkatthecountersaid,”Mostofuswouldgiveupifwewereblindedatsuchayoungage.Duringhisrecoveryhemadeapromisethathislifewouldn’tchange.So,asbefore,heandhiswifecomeinwheneverthere’sanewartshow.”“Butwhatdosehegetoutoftheart?”Iasked,“Hecan’tsee.”“Can’tsee?You’rewrong.Heseesalot.MorethanyouorIdo.”Theclerksaid,“Hiswifedescribeseachpaintingsohecanseeitinhishead.”Ilearnedsomethingaboutpatience,courageandlovethatday.Isawthepatienceofayoungwifedescribingpaintingstoapersonwithoutsightandthecourageofahusbandwhowouldnotallowblindnesstochangehislife.AndIsawthelovesharedbytwopeopleasIwatchedthiscouplewalkawayhandinhand.()16.Theyoungcouplewereatanartmuseum________.A.toshowtheirloveB.toappreciateartC.todiscusspaintingsD.todescribepaintings()17.“…Imovedawayquickly.”inParagraph3showsthatthewriter________.A.wasinthehopeofvisitingmoreroomsB.wasinahurrytobuysomegiftsC.wastiredofthenonstoptalkingD.wasnotinterestedintheartshow()18.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehusband_________.A.wasnotbornblindB.couldn’tstandhiswifeC.knewnothingaboutartD.completelydependedonhiswife\n()19.Afterhearingwhattheclerkhadsaidaboutthecouple,thewriterwas________.A.encouragedB.excitedC.touchedD.annoyed()20.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.A.theimportanceofartB.goodmannersinpublicC.patienceofahusbandD.lovebetweenacouple
