定语从句一.定语的概念：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示（先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语）abeautifulgirl（）threeboys（）ashoefactory（）Jim’sfather()ourteacher()themaninthecar（）themanstandingatthedoor（）themanwhoistalkingwithSam（）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman. 2.定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在定语从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”三．定语从句的分类四、定语从句的基本用法：1.定语从句的引导词（指代类型及其在定语从句中的句子成分）引导词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。2.思考下列问题：1.TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.分析：关系词______在从句中作________。2.MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.分析：关系词_______在从句中作________。3.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. 分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。4.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters. 分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。5.Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：关系词________在从句中作________。6.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。7.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown. 分析：关系词__________在从句中作________。8.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. 分析：关系词_________在从句中作________。=(9)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(10)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.五．定语从句考查重点：（一）定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人时可以用who/whom）1.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen. ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. 2.当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid? Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld. Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou. Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupsomeinformationthattheyneeded. 3.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy. Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns. 4.当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate? WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost? 5.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet. 思考：什么时候只能which而不能用that呢？1.在___________中；2.在____________之后。（二）关系代词的省略：Thefactorywevisitedyesterdaywasreallyold.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)ThemanyoujusttalkedtowasmyEnglishteacher.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)当关系代词在从句中作_________时可以省略。（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose1.Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.＝Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.＝Thisistheboy________________Iplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男（四）非限制性定语从句中，先行词为整个句子，可用as或引which导，例如：Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.注意：（1）as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思，which有“这，这一点”（2）当先行次受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.六：思考总结1.“介词+which”结构中，介词应该如何选择？______________________________________________________________________________2.As和which指代整个句子时，有什么区别？______________________________________________________________________________3.定语从句解题步骤：______________________________________________________________________________七：高考链接 3.(2022年)Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder_____hadbeenhisteacher.6.（2022）Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach24____wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.7.(2022)Nick’sguests,20______________hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.8． Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? 八．易错题：用适当的连接词填空。1.(1)Thisisthehouse_________Ioncelived. (2)Thisisthehouse_________Ioncevisited. 2.(1)Iwon’tforgetthedays______westudiedinthecollege. (2)Iwon’tforgetthedays______wespenttogether. 4.(1)Thereason_______heexplainedtomeisunreasonable. (2)Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreason______hewaslateforschool. 5.(1)Hestilllivesintheroom_____windowfacestotheeast.(2)Hestilllivesintheroom_____isinthenorthofthecity.(3)Hestilllivesintheroom_____thereisabeautifultable.改错题：1.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.2.Heoftenhelpsthestudentswhicharenotquickattheirstudies.3.I’ll show you the magazine who I bought the other day. 4.Our teacher lives in the house whichdoor faces to the north .5.Is there anything whichI can do for you, sir ? 6.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2022，thatmadeoneoftheChinesepeople'slonghelddreamscometrue.7.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosethataregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.8.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek，itisveryinteresting.9.Pleasesendusalltheinformationwhichyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.10.Untilnow，wehaveraised(收集)50,000poundsforthepoorchildren，thatisquiteunexpected.
