高考英语定语从句知识精讲一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）；who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）；whom指人在从句中作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）；whose指人或物在从句中作定语；as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词2、as的用法（1）常用于下列结构：such…as;so…as;thesame…as;注意：thesame…as表示同一类，不同一个thesame…that表示同一个（2）as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。which相当于并列句，可以用andthis来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。注意：as常用于下列结构：asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above,asmightbeexcepted,asisoftenthecase,一般不能用which代替as。c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。5、当先行词是数词时.6、当先行词既指人又指物时。7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。8、主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词。9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。三、只用which不用that的情况1、当介词放在关系代词之前时。2、在非限制性定语从句中。3、当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。四、只用who不用that的情况1、当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those时。2、therebe结构中。3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。6\n4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。8、先行词是拟人化的名词。9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。五、关系副词引导的定语从句1、when时间状语注意：It/This/That+be+thefirst/second/lasttimethat…只能用that,that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。2、where地点状语注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point,situation,case,position,stage,scene,spot,activity,family,job等名词时用where.3、why原因状语先行词为reason。六、介词与关系代词1、介词如何确定（1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定（2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定（3）根据意思来确定（4）为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置（1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。（2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。（3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。（4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/afew/alittle/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。七、定语从句中的主谓一致1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。2、“oneof+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,theonly,thevery等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。八、注意way和time后接定语从句的情1、当先行词是way，且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/inwhich/不填。注意：关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则按正常的定语从句分析。2、当先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。6\n高考英语定语从句练习题班级考号姓名总分1.Haveyouaskedtheexpertsthecause__________theythinkmayaccountfortheproblemofthesickbuilding?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.that2.Shewaslookingforhermissingnecklace_________shemighthaveputit.A.wherevershethoughtB.whereshethoughtC.asshethoughtD.intheplaceshethought3.Themanagerwilldiscusstheplantheywouldliketosee__________nextyear.A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.tobecarriedoutD.tocarryout4.Theroomwasfullofstudents,tenof__________fromforeigncountries.A.themB.whoC.whomD.which5.Thisis__________hetoldme.A.allB.thatwhatC.thatD.which6.Whileshewascarryingthepaintcanhome,_________splittoherclothes.A.someofitB.someofwhichC.someofthepaintD.someofthem7.Sportsarelookeduponasthemostpopularformofrelaxation______everybodycan______.A.that...enjoyB.which...enjoythemC.which...enjoyD.that...enjoyit8.Thescienceofmedicine,__________progresshasbeenveryrapidlately,isperhapsthemostimportantofallthesciences.6\nA.towhichB.inwhichC.bywhichD.withwhich9.Isawsometrees__________theleaveswereblackwithholes.A.whereB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.whose10.MakingadvertisementonTVcanincreasethesalesofproducts,_____haslongbeenproved.A.asB.whichC.thatD.bywhich11.Thatyoungman,_________webelievetohavethehiddenpower,willbesenttogoonthewithhisstudyinAmerica.A.whichmanB.whomC.whoD.ofwhom12.Inthenewarea,therewasn'tasingleperson__________hecouldturnforhelp.A.onwhomB.whoC.towhomD.whom13.Heissuchagoodteacher__________weallliketotalkwithhim.A.whomB.thatC.asD.which14.Thefilm______I'mspeakingistobeshownatthePeople'sCinemanextweek.A.towhichB.tothatC.ofthatD.ofwhich15.Doyouknowthedirection__________thecarwentjustnow?A.inwhichB.towhichC.whichD.where16.____wasusualwithhim,hereviewedallthefactsofthecaseafterhehadmadethedecision.6\nA.AsB.SuchC.SoD.What17.Itis__________sheisoutofwork__________he'sgotsoworried.A.that;whenB.when;thatC.who;thatD.that;who18.Thereismuch__________remainstobesaid.A.whichB.whatC./D.that19.Wehavetwospareroomsdownstairs,__________hasbeenusedformorethantwomonths.A.butneitherofwhichB.noneofwhichC.butneitherofthemD.noneofthem20.Isthisresearchcenter__________youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyear?A.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.theonewhere21.Itwillnotbelongbeforeyoumeetwiththesamedifficultsituation_______bythosescientistslastyear.A.whichwasdealtwithB.aswasdealtwithC.thathadtodealwithD.ashastodealwith22.Theteacherinchargeoftheirclassisalwaysstrictwithhisstudents,__________helpsthemtomakegreaterprogressthantheothers.A.itB.heC.whichD.that23.Hasallthat__________withoutdelay__________yet?A.cando;doneB.done;beendoneC.oughttobedone;todoD.shouldbedone;beendone6\n24.TherearemanybooksonthestudyofEnglish,_____thisisoneexample.A.whichB.fromwhichC.ofwhichD.intowhich25.Inthecenturies__________,Egyptbecameoneofthemostadvancedcivilizationsonearth.A.followedB.thatwasfollowedC.whichwerefollowingD.whichfollowed26.Iwasstruckbythelimiteduse__________theirnaturalresources.A.theIndiansmadeofB.whichtheIndiansmadeC.fortheIndianstomakeofD.fortheIndiansmakingof27.Nowchildrenliketogotothefastfoodrestaurant,__________,asthenamesays,eatingdoesn'ttakemuchtime.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where28.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________interestedinthisEnglishnovel.A.areB.wereC.beD.is29.Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheold________theyswaminit.A.whenB.thatC.whoD.where30.Theoldstorekeeperbelievedthereason_______thatmanmadeupandlethimin.A.thatB.whyC.whereD.how6
