英语单词的“偏旁部首”一、常用的前缀3ab表示反常absent缺席abnormal不正规的ap表示添加append悬挂apposition同位置bi表示两、重bicycle自行车bigamy重婚com表示共同combine联合compete相争dis表示分开disarm裁军dislike讨厌im表示不impossible不可能的immoral不道德的in表示不、向内informal非正式的inhuman不人道的non表示无nonparty无党派的nonmetal非金属pro表示向前progress进步prognostic预兆re表示回、重新review复习reaction反应un表示不、非unhappy不快乐的unbalance失去平衡3二、常用的后缀3al表示人、物rival竞争者mural壁画cy表示状态、职位bankruptcy破产captaincy船长er表示人、物teacher老师cooker厨具able表示可能的movable可移动的passable可通行的ful表示充满beautiful美丽的useful有用的or表示人、物actor男演员mirror镜子ist表示人copyist抄写员socialist社会主义者ment表示行为enjoyment娱乐movement运动ing表示令人exciting令人兴奋的interesting令人有兴趣的ed表示感到excited感到兴奋的interested感到有兴趣的less表示没有的resistless不抵抗的homeless无家可归的ly副词后缀gently轻轻地intently专心地tion名词后缀graduation毕业relation亲属典型的前后缀应用举例1.excitevt.刺激excitingadj.令人兴奋的excitedadj.感到兴奋的excitementn.兴奋2.smilev./n.微笑smilingadj.微笑的smilinglyadv.微笑的unsmilingadj.不笑的3三、对比近义词、反义词及形似词31) 形似记忆China中国sinopec中国石化sinopetrol中国石油yahoo乡巴佬baggageluggage行李2)音似记忆sofa沙发talkshow脱口秀hacker黑客nylon尼龙gene基因3\nradar雷达tango探戈golf高尔夫cartoon卡通ballet芭蕾model模特aspirin阿斯匹林cigar雪茄nicotine尼古丁shock休克lemon柠檬salad沙拉copy拷贝morphine吗啡3) 特殊记忆blacktea红茶brownsugar红糖lovepea红豆beauty红颜sweetpotato红薯trafficlight红绿灯goodluck红运green-eyed眼红4) 总结式记忆表达“胖”plump(丰满的)heavy(份量重的)stout(壮实的)husky(结实的)strong(很壮的)well-built(健壮的)表达“生气”angry(英式)mad(美式)beblueintheface(词组)feelhotunderthecollar(词组)pissoff(词组)表达“旅行”trip(出差性的)travel(周游世界性的)journey(陆地上的)flight(空中)voyage(海上)tour(以玩目的)sightseeing(观光)表达“打扰”bother(口语)disturb(正式)interrupt(较不礼貌的)表达“瘦”thin(干瘦)scrawny(骨瘦如柴的)bony(瘦骨嶙峋的)skinny(皮包骨)skinandbone(极瘦的)slim(纤细的)slender(苗条的)lean(无脂肪的)5)搞怪式记忆“三围”bust(胸围)busty(波霸)waist(腰围)waist-belt腰带hip(臀围)hip-hop(街舞)床上六件套mat(褥子)sheet(床单)quilt(被子)bedspread(床罩)pillow(枕头)cushion(小垫子)多种衣服cloth(布)clothes(衣裳)garment(衬衣)blouse(女衬衫)sweater(毛衣)coat(外套)jumper(短衫)suit(西装)costume(戏服)pants(裤子)jacket(夹克)dress(女服)T-shirt(T恤)skirt(裙子)四种虾shrimp(虾米)driedshrimps(虾仁)prawn(对虾)lobster(龙虾)3四、英语单词构词法前缀后缀词汇一览表。前缀3un-“不”happy→unhappylike→unlikeusual→unusualfriendly→unfriendlyim-“不” possible→impossible3后缀3-er“人”teach→teacherplay→playerclean→cleaner3\ndrive→driver(以e结尾，-r)run→runner(重读闭音节，双写-er)win→winnertravel→traveller-or“人” invent→inventorvisit→visitor-ly(副词后缀) bad→badly/quick→quicklycareful→carefully/happy→happilydeep→deeply/lucky→luckilyusual→usually/noisy→noisilyslow→slowly/angry→angrilystrong→strongly/quiet→quietly【特例】true→trulyterrible→terriblypossible→possibly-ful(形容词后缀)care→carefulhelp→helpfuluse→usefulforget→forgetful-y(形容词后缀)rain→rainyluck→luckycloud→cloudynoise→noisy(以e结尾，去e，加-y)snow→snowysun→sunny(双写，加-y)wind→windy-ion(名词后缀)invent→inventionoperate→operation-ness(名词后缀)busy→businessgood→goodness【一些特例】动词——形容词sleep→asleepdie→deadenjoy→enjoyable动词——现在分词转化为名词boat→boatingbuild→buildingbegin→beginningcross→crossingmeet→meetingturn→turning名词——形容词friend→friendlysouth→southernwool→woolendanger→dangerousdifference→differentfry→friedworry→worried动词——过去分词转为形容词break→brokenlose→lostplease→pleasedcolour→coloured动词——名词know→knowledgeplease→pleasure动词——名词farm→farmer动词——现在分词、过去分词转为形容词follow→followinginterest→interested（“感兴趣的”只作表语，仅用于beinterestedin）interest→interesting“有趣的”可作表语和定语develop→developed“发达的”develop→developing“发展中的”33
