语法专项提升语法专题七 非谓语动词英语2022高中总复习优化设计GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI\n内容索引核心考点•分层突破专项训练•巩固提升\n核心考点•分层突破\n高考链接1.(2020·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.(2020·浙江,语篇填空)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology(change)lives.tofind分析句子成分可知,所填的词是非谓语动词形式,做目的状语,故用动词不定式。tochangetochange做定语修饰先行词technology,表示目的。句意:农业使人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。\n3.(2019·天津,单项填空)(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.4.(2019·天津,单项填空)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.Learning句意:学会批判性思考是当今孩子们将来会需要的一项重要技能。此处为动名词做主语。designedacourse与动词design之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词做定语。句意:现在大多数大学为大一学生专门设计一门课程来帮助他们在学业和个人方面获得成功。\n5.(2019·江苏,单项填空)(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.6.(2019·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregatingaroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusionthatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.ToenjoyToenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment为动词不定式做目的状语。句意:为了享用数字化支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。noting所填的词位于介词by后面做宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。\n8.(2018·全国Ⅰ,语篇填空)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.7.(2019·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.saying句中的谓语动词是got,所以say应该用非谓语动词形式,say和call有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式。dyingof是介词,后接动词时要用-ing形式。\n9.(2018·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.10.(2018·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel(challenge).toimprove句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。此处是不定式做目的状语,故填toimprove。challengedfeel为系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,challenged为形容词,意为“受到挑战的”,符合题意。\n考点归纳考点一非谓语动词做状语1.动词-ing形式和过去分词做状语概述:“动词-ing形式/过去分词做状语”或“连词+动词-ing形式/过去分词”在句中用作时间状语时,相当于一个状语从句。动词-ing形式和句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动含义。过去分词和句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动含义。例:When(youare)crossingthecrossroads,youmustbecareful.过马路时,你务必小心。Evenif(heis)asked100times,hewon’tletoutothers’secret.即使被问100次,他也不会泄露他人的秘密。注意动词-ing形式和过去分词可在句中做时间、条件、方式、伴随、原因、结果等状语。\n“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,runningaway.(伴随状语)“你抓不到我!”珍妮特喊道,跑开了。Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(原因状语)由于学校计算机网络的故障,爱丽丝情绪低落。Whenaskedhernameandaddress,thelittlegirljustkeptsilent.(时间状语)当问起她的名字和地址时,小女孩沉默了。\nGivenanotherchance,Iwouldmakegreaterprogress.(条件状语)再给我一次机会,我会取得更大的进步。Hejustdideverythingastold,sohewasnottoblamefortheaccident.(方式状语)他只是按指示做了一切,所以这项事故不该怪他。Hedevotedmostofhissparetimetoplayingcomputergames,makinghimcutofffromfriends.(结果状语)他把大部分业余时间都花在玩电脑游戏上,使他与朋友断绝了联系。\n2.动词不定式做状语(1)动词不定式做原因状语时常用于下面的句型中:主语+系动词+形容词+动词不定式(todo),句型中的表语形容词往往是happy,surprised,excited,pleased,disappointed,sad,sorry,shocked,upset等表示情绪或者心理状态的词,因此动词不定式表示的是“引起某种情绪的原因”。Hefeltdisappointedtohearthathisproposalwasturneddownagain.听说他的提议再次遭到拒绝,他很失望。Jackwasexcitedtohavebeenchosencaptainoftheteam.杰克因为当选为队长而激动。\n(2)动词不定式做目的状语:Ihavecomeheretoaskyouforsomeadvice.我来这儿是为了向您征求点建议。(3)动词不定式做结果状语(表示出乎意料的结果)Heliftedastone,onlytodropitonhisownfoot.他搬起一块石头,结果却砸了自己的脚。Helefthomeonarainynight,nevertoreturn.他在一个雨夜离家出走,再也没有回来。比较Manyhighwayshavebeencompleted,makingiteasiertotravelthroughoutChina.(动词-ing形式表示意料之中的结果)(4)动词不定式做修饰性状语(主动形式表示被动含义)Thissentenceiseasytounderstand.这个句子很容易理解。\n3.独立主格结构概述:狭义的独立主格结构指带有自己逻辑主语的非谓语动词短语,一般在句中做状语。Itstopcutoff,thebottleactsasavasenow.顶部削掉了,这个瓶子现在当花瓶了。Thebossenteredtheconferencehall,severalmanagersfollowinghim.老板进了会议厅,后面跟着几个经理。Ipayyoumostofthesalarythisyear,theresttofollownextyear.我今年付你大部分工资,其余的明年给你。\n考点二非谓语动词做定语1.动词不定式做定语主要用于以下四种情况:(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词时,后面用动词不定式做定语。Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.他总是第一个到达最后一个离开。(2)被修饰的名词前有形容词的最高级时,后面用动词不定式做定语。Shewastheyoungestgirltowinthisprize.她是获得这个奖项的最年轻的女孩。\n(3)名词或代词后面做定语的非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生时,用动词不定式。Weareeagertoknowthenewstobeannounced.我们急于想知道要宣布的消息。(4)某些名词的同根词后面接不定式,该名词后面常用动词不定式做定语。Shehastheabilitytolookafterherself.她有能力照顾好自己。(beabletodosth)\n2.动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语(1)动词-ing形式做定语:①表示被修饰名词和分词之间为主谓关系。Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert.野花看上去就像覆盖着沙漠的柔软的橘黄色毯子。②用来说明名词的用途或属性。Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.我们学校有个游泳池。Theoldmanhastowalkwiththehelpofawalkingstick.这位老人得借助于拐杖走路。\n(2)过去分词做定语表示被修饰的名词与分词之间为动宾(或被动)关系。Arethesethebooksgivenawaytousbytheoldprofessor?这些书是那位老教授捐赠给我们的吗?提示动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语时相当于一个定语从句。Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsstudyingChineseintheschool.→Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentswhowerestudyingChineseintheschool.有人告诉我大约有50个外国学生在这所学校学习汉语。\n拓展表示已经发生的(被动的)动作用过去分词做定语;表示正在进行的(主动的)动作,用动词-ing形式做定语。动词-ing形式的被动式为beingdone;动词不定式的被动式为tobedone。themeetingbeingheldatpresent正在举行的会议themeetingheldyesterday昨天举行的会议themeetingtobeheldtomorrow明天即将举行的会议\n考点三非谓语动词做主语1.动词-ing形式做主语:动词-ing形式用作主语时,表示一个经常性、习惯性的动作或者一种客观情况。Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.早睡早起是个好习惯。Knowingyourownstrengthsandweaknesseswillhelpyousucceed.了解自己的强项和弱点将有助于你成功。\n拓展(1)动词-ing形式的否定式是notdoing(2)被动式是beingdone(3)完成式是havingdone(4)完成被动式是havingbeendone。(5)动词-ing形式的复合结构:sb’s(形容词性物主代词或名词所有格)+doing,当它不在句首时,也可以用“人称代词的宾格形式或名词的普通格+doing”代替。\nBeingkeptwaitingisanunpleasantexperience.等别人是一件很不愉快的体验。Yourcominglateagainmadethebossupset.你再次迟到让老板很不舒服。Doyoumindmy/me/Mike’s/Mikeopeningthewindow?您介意我/迈克打开窗子吗?注意动词-ing形式的完成式(havingdone)一般不用作句子主语。\n2.动词不定式做句子主语时一般表示某一次具体或特定的行动或者一个尚未发生的动作。Swimmingisagoodformofbuildingupourbody,buttoswimtomorrowisimpossible,sinceI’mnotavailablethen.游泳是锻炼身体的好方法,但明天游泳是不可能的,因为那时我没空。\n3.在很多句型中,常用it做形式主语,不定式或动词-ing形式做真正主语。Itis/wasnogood/notanygood/nouse/uselessarguingwithhim.跟他争论是没有好处/用处的。Itisimpossibleforhimtoarriveherewithintwohours.他不可能两小时之内赶到这儿。Itisagoodhabittogetupearlyinthemorning.早上早起床是个好习惯。提示forsbtodo是动词不定式的复合结构。\n考点四非谓语动词做宾语1.动词-ing形式做宾语(1)动词-ing形式可用作介词或及物动词的宾语。Youshallnotentertheofficewithoutbeingpermitted.未经允许你不能进入办公室。Thebirdwasluckyenoughtoescapebeingcaught.那只鸟很幸运,没有被抓住。注意下列动词必须接动词-ing形式做宾语,不能接动词不定式做宾语:admit,advise,avoid,allow,appreciate,advocate,consider,deny,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,fancy,forbid,giveup,imagine,insiston,keep,keepon,miss,mind,oppose,practise,permit,postpone,putoff,quit,risk,recommend,suggest,can’tstand等。\n(2)有些句型中用it做形式宾语,动词-ing形式做真正宾语。Ifinditnouse/useless/nogoodadvisinghimtotryagain.我发现建议他再试一次没有用处/好处。(3)want,need,require后接动词-ing形式做宾语,用主动形式表示被动含义。Theseflowersneed/require/wantwatering(=tobewatered).这些花需要浇了。2.动词不定式做宾语Herefusedtoanswermysecondquestion.他拒绝回答我的第二个问题。\n考点五非谓语动词做表语1.分词做表语:一些形容词化了的动词-ing形式做表语时,表示主语给别人的感觉,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式做表语时,表示主语自身的感觉,意为“感觉……的”。Herspeechisreallyinspiring.他的讲话真是鼓舞人心。I’minterestedinplayingchessontheInternet.我对在网上下棋感兴趣。\n2.动词-ing形式做表语:动词-ing形式做表语时表示的是经常性、习惯性的动作或者抽象的动作。Myhobbyiscollectingstampsinmysparetime.我的爱好是在业余时间集邮。3.动词不定式做表语:常表示将来要发生的动作。MydreamistobecomeanengineerintheITfield.我的梦想是成为一名信息技术领域的工程师。WhatIdidtohimwastogivehimalittlepush.我只是轻轻地推了他一把。\n考点六非谓语动词做补足语1.动词-ing形式和过去分词做宾语补足语动词-ing形式做宾语补足语时,宾语和宾语补足语之间为主谓关系,表主动含义;过去分词做宾语补足语时,宾语和宾语补足语之间为动宾关系,表被动含义。I’msorryforhavingkeptyouwaitingoutsideforsolong.我很抱歉让您在外面等了这么久。Hehurriedtohisoffice,leavingthebreakfastuntouched.他急急忙忙地去了办公室,放着早饭没动。注意已经形容词化了的动词-ing形式做宾语补足语,表示宾语给别人的感受,其动词-ed形式则表示宾语的自身感觉。\nIfindthiskindofgamesencouraging.我发现这类游戏令人振奋。Wetriedtomake/gethiminterestedinthework.我们尽力使他对这份工作感兴趣。\n2.动词不定式做宾语补足语Wedon’tallowanyonetosmokeinthearea.我们不允许任何人在这个区域抽烟。注意(1)感官动词listento,hear,lookat,see,observe,notice,feel等后面接动词-ing形式做宾语补足语时,表示“看到/听到/感觉到正在干某事”;接动词-ed形式做宾语补足语时,表示被动含义,接省去to的不定式做宾语补足语时,表示动作的全过程。\nIfeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。Wewouldliketoseetheplancarriedoutnextmonth.我们希望看到计划下个月执行。Henoticethestrangerentertheroomandsitdown.他注意到那个陌生人进了房间并坐了下来。\n(2)使役动词have后面接动词-ing形式做宾语补足语时,表示“让……一直干某事”或“允许/容忍某人干某事”;跟动词-ed做宾语补足语时,为动宾关系,意为“使……遭受”“请人干某事”“使某事被完成”;跟省去to的动词不定式做宾语补足语时,意为“吩咐某人干某事”。Hehadthefireburningthewholenight.他让火烧了一整夜。Iwon’thaveyoubehavingsobadly.我不会允许你表现如此恶劣。\nHehadhispocketpickedonthebusyesterday.他昨天在公共汽车上被人扒了口袋。Weshallhavethetaskfulfilledassoonaspossible.我们将尽快完成任务。Theoldladyhadfreshmilkdeliveredtoherhouseeverymorning.那位老太太叫人每天早晨把新鲜牛奶送到她家。Iwillhavemysecretaryshowyouaroundourcompany.我让秘书带你们参观我们公司。\n专项训练•巩固提升\nⅠ.单句语法填空1.(2020·北京门头沟高三二模)Thenewspacecraft,whichhasnotyetbeennamed,willorbitbeyondLow-EarthOrbit(LEO),(carry)fourtosixastronauts.2.(2020·广西南宁高三二模)CaoYuan,a22-year-oldChinesedoctoralstudentinphysics,wasontopofthemostimportantscientistsnamedbythejournalNaturein2018for(discover)a“magicangle”ingraphene(石墨烯).carrying表示主动和进行用动词-ing形式。discoveringfor为介词,后面须用动词-ing形式做宾语。\n3.(2020·浙江宁波高三模拟)Stevenhikedthe50-footdistancebetweenhimandthefridgeandwasshocked(find)thatitwasfilledwithbeers.4.(2020·山东菏泽高三联考)Bullyingamongelementary,middleandhighschoolstudentshasbecomeanincreasinglytalked-aboutsubjectinJapan,withmanyparentsandeducators(struggle)tofindthebestwaytodealwiththeproblem.tofindtofind...做原因状语,解释引发shocked这一情绪的具体原因。strugglingstruggling在“with+宾语+宾补”结构中做宾语manyparentsandeducators的补足语,表示主动。\n5.(2020·山东淄博4月模拟)Travellerscanbescannedoncameras(use)facialrecognition.6.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.using此处用动词-ing形式做方式状语。toprove动词不定式做宾语,wanttodo意为“想要干某事”。7.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal(create)specialdesigns.tocreate此处用动词不定式做目的状语。\n8.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely(bring)yourworkhome.tobringbelikelytodosth为固定句型,意为“可能干……”。9.Failing(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.10.(separate)fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsnotfoundinanyothercountry.toturnfailtodo...意为“不能干成某事”。Separated/HavingbeenseparatedSeparated或Havingbeenseparated...做原因状语,表示被动和完成。\n11.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest(follow)inayear.12.Heglancedoverather,(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.tofollowtofollow表示尚未发生的动作。notingnoting...在句中做伴随状语,表示主动和进行。13.(lose)inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.LostLost...做时间状语,表示被动和完成。14.Ithinkyou’llgrow(like)himwhenyouknowhimbetter.tolikegrowtodo...意为“逐渐开始干某事”。\n15.Themanager,(make)itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.16.Generally(speak),themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.havingmademakeitclear这一动作发生在句子谓语动词之前,故用现在分词的完成式。speakinggenerallyspeaking意为“一般来说”。17.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk(lose)thegoodopportunity.losingrisk后面须接动词-ing形式做宾语。\n18.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust(have)alookatthesportsplayers.tohavejusttohavealook...为目的状语。19.Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,(have)fun.havinghavingfun在句中做伴随状语。\nⅡ.完成句子1.(2020·北京昌平高三二模)Bobkeptfallingfromthebike,buthisfatherwasalwaysthere,(鼓励他继续尝试).Eventually,hegotthehangofit.2.(有必要为……做好准备)ajobinterview.Havingtheanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.3.(当被警察询问的时候),hesaidthatherememberedarrivingattheparty,butnotleaving.4.Icouldn’tdomyhomework(我的注意力不时受到打扰).encouraginghimtokeepontryingIt’snecessarytobepreparedforWhenaskedbythepolicewithmyattentiondisturbednowandthen\n5.—IsBobstillperforming?—I’mafraidnot.He(据说已经离开了舞台)ashehasbecomeanofficial.6.Ofcourse,(跟朋友共享一顿美餐),whateverweeat,canalsoimpactourspirits.7.(赢得尊敬最容易的方法)isbygivingrespect.8.ThesimplifiedChinesecharactersandregularruleswereset,(使得人们学习更容易了).9.China’simageisimprovingsteadily,_______________________________(随着更多的国家承认它的角色)ininternationalaffairs.10.Listen!Doyouhear(有人在呼救)?issaidtohaveleftthestagealreadyenjoyinganicemealwithfriendsTheeasiestwaytogainrespectmakingiteasierforpeopletolearnwithmorecountriesrecognisingitsrolesomeonecallingforhelp
