七选五（说明文）1(2020·潍坊市高考模拟)IfyouhaveaniPodoraphonethatplaysmusic,theSonyWalkmanmaylooklikeancienthistory.Butwhenitcameoutforty－oneyearsago,itcompletelychangedhowpeoplelistenedtomusic.__1__Smallportable(便携的)radiosdidn’tsoundgoodandusuallycamewithjustasmallearphonethatwentinoneear.Therewereboomboxes—largemusicplayerswhichsoundedgoodandcouldbeturneduploud.Buttheywerehugeandheavy.Almostanywaysomeonecouldlistentomusicmeantthateveryonearoundthemwouldhavetolistentotheirmusic,too.OnJuly1,1979,Sonyintroducedaproductcalledthe“Walkman”.The“walk”partofthenamewasimportant.__2__Thesedays,weareveryusedtothatidea,butin1979,itwasprettyspecial.Anotherthingthatwasspecialwashowgooditsounded.Comparedtotheheadphoneswehavenow,thequalitywasn’tgreat.Butbackthen,thesoundamazedpeople.__3__Manypeoplethoughtitwouldn’tsellverywellbecauseitcouldn’trecordmusic.However,theWalkmanwashugelypopular.__4__Butwhoevermadethedevice,mostpeoplekeptusingthename“Walkman”.Onaphoneorothermusicplayerstoday,youmighthavehundredsorthousandsofsongs.ButtheselectionontheWalkmanwasmuchmorelimited.__5__Ifyouwantedtogotoacertainsong,youwouldneedtowindorrewindthroughtherestofthetapetogettothesongyouwantedtohear.ThecassetteWalkmanwasabigsuccess.Itstartedthetrendof“personal”musicthatledtotheiPod,theiPhone,andtheothermusic－playingdevicesweusetoday.A.TheWalkmanthencouldonlyplaycassettetapes.B.SoonothercompanieswereimitatingSony’sdevice.C.Italmostfeltlikethemusicwasplayinginsideyourhead.D.Thetapeneededtobetakenoutandturnedovertoplaytheotherside.E.Itmeantthatyoucouldlistentoyourownmusicasyouwalkedaround.10,F.ThefirstWalkmanactuallyallowedyoutoshareyourmusicwithafriend.G.BeforetheWalkmancameout，therewasn’tagoodportablewaytolistentomusic.【答案】1.G2.E3.C4.B5.A【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“随身听”的由来及其发展历史。1.考查承上启下句。根据第一段最后一句可知，当随身听问世时，它彻底改变了人们听音乐的方式。再结合第二段空后的内容可知，本段主要介绍了随身听出现之前人们听音乐的方式及其不便之处，故G项“随身听问世之前，还没有好的便携的听音乐的途径”符合语境。2.考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“The‘walk’partofthenamewasimportant”可知，空处应是对这一内容的进一步阐释，故E项“这意味着你可以在四处走动时听你自己的音乐”符合语境。E项中的“walked”与上文的“walk”之间的对应关系亦是提示。3.考查细节支撑句。空前提到，和我们现在的耳机相比，随身听的音质不是很好。但那时候，(它发出的)声音让人吃惊。由此可知，空处应是对前面句子的补充，进一步说明这令人吃惊的声音，故C项“那感觉几乎就像是音乐在你脑海里播放”符合语境。4.考查承上启下句。空前提到随身听非常受欢迎。空后说但无论是谁制造这种设备，大多数人继续使用“随身听”这个名字。故B项“很快其他公司开始模仿索尼的设备”符合语境。5.考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“Onaphoneorothermusicplayerstoday...muchmorelimited”可知，现在，在手机或者其他音乐播放器上你可能有数百首或数千首歌曲可选择，但随身听上的选择要有限得多。由此可知，空处所述内容应与随身听提供的选择有限相关。故A项“随身听只能播放盒式磁带”符合语境。2A“gapyear”isaperiodoftimewhenastudenttakesabreakbeforegoingtouniversity,orbeforeapostgraduatecourse.__6__Thathelpsyoungpeoplewithusefullearningexperiences,newskillsandmakesthemmoreindependent.Employersanduniversitieswanttoseeevidenceofenterprise,maturityandcommitment.Manychoosetodovoluntarywork.ThiscouldincludeteachinginthemountainsinNepal,aconservationprojectinMadagascar.__7__ThetopfivetraveldestinationswereTibet,Indonesia,Taiwan,EasternEuropeandCanada.__8__Someyoungpeoplelookforworkiftheyneedtoearnmoneyforaccommodationandfood.Popularjobsincludebarwork,fruitpickingandbeingatourguide.10,JulieTaylorgraduatedfromHullUniversityandnowworksasamanagerinaninternationalcompany.Shesays:“Duringmygapyear,IspentfourmonthsinKenyateachingEnglish,artandphysicaleducationtochildrenaged8-18.__9__IamveryhappythatIdidn’theadofftouniversitystraightafterschoolbecauseIlearnedalotaboutmyself.Iworkedbeforehandtopayforthetrip,showingIhadgoodself-motivationandorganizationalskills,andIwasabletogetbyonverylittlemoney.Employersseethatclimbingtoanaltitudeof4,985mshowsstrengthanddetermination.__10__”A.Howdothestudentslikeit?B.Itisoftenspentintravelingorworking.C.Noteveryonecanputthatontheirresumes(简历)!D.IamveryproudthatIworkedandtravelledalotthere.E.Lotsofgapyearstudentsjustwanttoseemoreoftheworld.F.ThenItravelledthecountryandevenclimbedMountKenya.G.Moststudentsforagapyeartakeonapart-timejobtosaveupforthetrip.【答案】6.B7.E8.G9.F10.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了间隔年和学生在间隔年的活动。6.根据前句“A“gapyear”isaperiodoftimewhenastudenttakesabreakbeforegoingtouniversity,orbeforeapostgraduatecourse.(“间隔年”是指学生在上大学或研究生课程之前的一段时间。)”可知，这里介绍“间隔年”的定义和用途。所以选择项B“Itisoftenspentintravelingorworking.(通常用于旅游或工作。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“It”代指前句中的“gapyear”。故选B。7.根据后句“ThetopfivetraveldestinationswereTibet,Indonesia,Taiwan,EasternEuropeandCanada.(排名前五的旅游目的地分别是西藏、印度尼西亚、台湾、东欧和加拿大。)”可知，很多学生利用间隔年来旅游，多看看世界。所以选择项E“Lotsofgapyearstudentsjustwanttoseemoreoftheworld.(很多间隔年的学生只是想多看看世界。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。8.根据前句“Someyoungpeoplelookforworkiftheyneedtoearnmoneyforaccommodationandfood.(一些年轻人如果需要挣钱住宿和买食物，就去找工作。)”可知，这里介绍为“间隔年”旅行需要做的准备。所以选择项G“Moststudentsforagapyear10,takeonapart-timejobtosaveupforthetrip.(大多数学生在间隔年做兼职工作，为旅行攒钱。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“job”和前句中的“work”相一致。故选G。9.根据前句“Shesays:“Duringmygapyear,IspentfourmonthsinKenyateachingEnglish,artandphysicaleducationtochildrenaged8-18.(她说：“在我的间隔年，我花了4个月在肯尼亚教8-18岁的孩子英语、艺术和体育。)”可知，这里介绍JulieTaylor在间隔年的经历。所以选择项F“ThenItravelledthecountryandevenclimbedMountKenya.(然后我游历了这个国家，甚至还爬上了肯尼亚山。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“Kenya”和前句中的“Kenya”相一致。故选F。10.根据前文“Iworkedbeforehandtopayforthetrip,showingIhadgoodself-motivationandorganizationalskills,andIwasabletogetbyonverylittlemoney.Employersseethatclimbingtoanaltitudeof4,985mshowsstrengthanddetermination.(我提前工作来支付这次旅行的费用，这表明我有良好的自我激励和组织能力，而且我能够靠很少的钱生活。雇主们认为爬到4985米的高度显示了力量和决心。)”可知，这里介绍JulieTaylor在间隔年所体现的良好优点。所以选择项C“Noteveryonecanputthatontheirresumes(简历)!(不是每个人都能把这些写进简历的！)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“that”代指前句中JulieTaylor的良好优点。故选C。3MydadpassedawayyesterdayandIamprocessingeverything.It’shardtotryandfindpositivityinmypain,butmyDadtaughtmesomuchwhenhewashealthy,andwhenhewasn’t,Iwantedtosharesomeofthelessons.Beonthephoneless.ThisoneseemsstrangebutinhisfinalmomentsIwasallin,nocheckingmyphonebecauseitreallydidn’tmatter.__11__ThiswasamomentIneededtorememberandIwouldhaveregretteditifIwasdistractedinthispartofhisjourney.__12__SometimesweneedpeopletoleanonMymomanddadneededalotofhelp.Ineededalotofhelp.Weweresurroundedbypeoplewillingtohelpusandinsteadofshuttingthemoutlikewe'vedoneinthepast,welettheminanditwasexactlywhatweneeded.Noteveryonewillunderstandyourexperience.__13__Justknowingpeoplearehereforusmeansalot,butIalsoknowthatnoonewillfullyunderstandmyexperience10,andthat'sokayaswearealldifferent.Familyisnotnecessarilythepeoplewhobroughtyouintothisworld.IamadoptedandIknowwechoseeachother.__14__Ialsolovedmyfatherverymuch.There’snothingmoreimportantthanbeingwiththeonesyoulove.IwasabletoholdmyDadwhenhetookhislastbreath.MymomandImadesurethatmydadknewhewaslovedthroughthisjourney.__15__Everythingelseissecondary.A.Allthatmatteredwashim.B.Loveiswhattrulymatters.C.Surroundyourselfwithasupportsystem.D.AndhelovedmemorethananyoneonthisEarth.E.It’sokaynottorememberthereasonforeverythingF.Really,wecanhandlemorethanweeverthoughtpossible.G.ThiswasalongandhardjourneyformymomandIandallofthosewhocareaboutus.【答案】11.A12.C13.G14.D15.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了和家人在爸爸最后的时刻里一直陪伴爸爸，并用自己的亲身经历给我们分享了一些经验。11.根据上一句“ThisoneseemsstrangebutinhisfinalmomentsIwasallin,nocheckingmyphonebecauseitreallydidn’tmatter.”这条似乎很奇怪，但在他最后的时刻，我全神贯注，没有查看手机，因为这真的不重要。以及下一句“ThiswasamomentIneededtorememberandIwouldhaveregretteditifIwasdistractedinthispartofhisjourney.”这是我需要记住的时刻，如果我在他的这段旅程中分心了，我会后悔的。可知，此处内容与此时重要的是作者的爸爸有关，选项A“重要的是他。”符合题意。故选A。12.根据下文“SometimesweneedpeopletoleanonMymomanddadneededalotofhelp.Ineededalotofhelp.Weweresurroundedbypeoplewillingtohelpusandinsteadofshuttingthemoutlikewe'vedoneinthepast,welettheminanditwasexactlywhatweneeded.”10,有时我们需要人们让我妈妈依靠，我的爸爸需要很多帮助。我需要很多帮助。我们周围都是愿意帮助我们的人，我们没有像过去那样把他们拒之门外，而是让他们进来，这正是我们所需要的。可知，此处内容与让周围那些愿意帮忙的人帮助自己有关，选项C“给自己一个支持系统。”符合题意。故选C。13.根据下一句“Justknowingpeoplearehereforusmeansalot,butIalsoknowthatnoonewillfullyunderstandmyexperienceandthat'sokayaswearealldifferent.”知道有人在身边对我们来说意义重大，但我也知道没有人会完全理解我的经历，这没关系，因为我们都是不同的。可知，此处内容与这是一个漫长且辛苦的旅程有关，选项G“对我和我的母亲以及所有关心我们的人来说，这是一个漫长而艰难的旅程。”符合题意。故选G。14.根据下一句“Ialsolovedmyfatherverymuch.”我也非常爱我的父亲。可知，此处内容与作者的爸爸非常爱作者有关，选项D“他爱我胜过世上任何人。”符合题意。故选D。15.根据下一句“Everythingelseissecondary”其他一切都是次要的。可知，此处内容与爱才是真的重要的有关，选项B“爱才是真正重要的。”符合题意。故选B。4(2020·济南市高三年级模拟)Handwritingisquicklybecomingadyingart.Fewbusinessescanrunnowadayswithoutcomputers.__16__ResearchersfromPrincetonUniversityconductedastudytodemonstratethedifferencesbetweenstudentswhowroteouttheirnotesandthosewhotypednotesonalecture.__17__Participantsweretestedonthematerial30minutesafterthelectureandagainaweeklater.Andhandwritingemergedasthechampion.__18__Thetypershadasignificantedgewhenitcametonote－takingefficiency.Thetyperscouldcopydownsignificantlymanymorewordsthanthewriters,sometimeseventranscribingthecontentofthelecturewordforword.Butwhilemoreofthelecture’scontentwasretained(保留)onpaperwhentyping,itwasn’tnecessarilyretainedinparticipants’heads.__19__Onthetest30minutesafterthelecture,typersandwritersdidmoreorlessequallywellonquestionsaboutthebasicfactsofthelecture,buttypersfellbehindwhenitcametomoreconceptualquestions.Asforthelaterquiz,theresultsweresimilar.Studentswithhandwrittennoteswereabletorememberandstillunderstandtheconceptsofthelectureafteraweekhadpassed.Theseparticipantswerealsomoreopentounderstandingnewideas.__20__10,A.Theteststhattheparticipantstookprovedthis.B.Theefficiencyofhandwritingmightbestbenefityou.C.That’snottosaythattypingdoesn’thaveitsbenefits.D.Inthisstudy，thelaptopswereonlyusedtotakenotes.E.Generallyspeaking，typingalsohasitsowndisadvantages.F.Butwhatarewelosingashandwritinglosesitssignificanceinsociety?G.Clearly，writingbyhandisoneofthethingsthatcanmakeyousmarter.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.A20.G【解析】本文是说明文。通过对比实验说明手写笔记比用电脑记笔记有更多的优势。16.考查承上启下句。根据上文所陈述事实和下文提到的实验可知，F项符合语境。首句“Handwritingisquicklybecomingadyingart”与该选项中losing和loses相呼应。17.考查细节支撑句。根据空前实验目的和空后实验结果可知，此处是实验中对电脑使用的条件限制。18.考查段落主旨句。此空位于该段句首。根据空后内容可知该段陈述的是用电脑记笔记的优势。19.考查细节支撑句。根据语境可知，空后内容是对实验结果的陈述，故A项符合语境。20.考查段落主旨句。所填句是对最后两段实验结果的总结概括。5(2020·兰州高三诊断考试)LearningtoGiveaPepTalk(打气)Everyonewantstobethetypeofpersonwhogivesthecriticaltalkthatturnsaroundafriend’soutlook.However,givingagoodpeptalkisn’teasy.__21__.Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand,butalsostresstheotherperson’sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostoptalking.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyaregivingapeptalk,buttheyarejustsayingwhattheywouldwanttohear,”saysStacyKaiser,apsychotherapist(心理治疗师)inLosAngeles.Insteadofinstantlytellingsomeonewhattodo,askhimwhatactionhehasthoughtabouttakingandwhyhethinksitwillbebeneficial.“Don’tjumprightinandinsist‘You’llbefine,’”saysKaiser.__22__.Repeattheconcernsfor10,thepersonoutloud,sohefeelsheard.Then,showyourfriendthatyoubelieveinhimandthathehaswhatittakestogetthroughthishardtime.Stresshisstrengths.__23__.Youcan’tguaranteesuccess,butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit.Atlast,Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhentostop.“__24__.Don’targueifthepersondisagreeswithwhatyouaresaying.Instead,tellhim‘Iamsorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime.’Andthenbackdown.”Kaisersayshehaslearnedtogivegoodpeptalksbygivingbadones.Helostanumberoflovedonesduringashortperiod.“Timingiseverything.”Thereisatimetogiveapeptalk,andthereisatimetojustlisten.__25__.A.LetyourfriendhavehismomentB.GiveyourpeptalkandthenshutupC.ArguingwithyourfriendmakesnosenseD.ShowyourfriendthatyouunderstandwhyheissadE.Heisn’tinterestedinwhathisbestfriendsreallyneedF.ItrequiresanunderstandingofwhatyouraudienceneedsG.Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatpeptalksareabouthope【答案】21.F22.D23.G24.B25.A【解析】本文是说明文。主要论述了给别人打气的方法，包括关心令朋友伤心的事情、注意倾听、将时间交给朋友、选择合适时机停止说话等。21.根据下文可知，你不仅需要倾听和理解，还要强调别人的长处，知道在什么时候停止说话；据此可以推知，你需要理解你的听众需要什么。故F项正确。22.根据后一句“Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud,sohefeelsheard”可知，你要大声说出对这个人的关心；据此可以推知，空处表示“要向朋友表现出你理解他为什么会伤心”。故D项正确。23.根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段主题句，根据空后的“Youcan’tguaranteesuccess...hasgottenthroughit”可以推知，该段主要陈述要鼓励朋友看到希望。故C项与此处匹配。24.由前一句可知，本段主要陈述选择时机停止说话；结合下文可知，在鼓励朋友之后，选择恰当时机停止说话，而不是和朋友争论。故B项正确。10,25.根据上句中的“andthereisatimetojustlisten”可知，在给朋友打气时要学会倾听，将时间交给朋友。故A项正确。6(2020·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习卷)Youprobablythinkoffoodpoisoningassomethingthatyoumightpickupatagreasyspoonoranoutdoorbarbecuestand.__26__Thewayyouhandlefoodinyourownkitchen—which,unlikearestaurant,doesn’thavetoconformtohealthregulations—canjustaseasilymakeyousick.Herearesomemostoverlookedfoodsafetyguidelines.Washyourhandsproperly.Thismightseemlikethemostobviousfoodsafetypractice.However,mostpeopledon’tbothertodoit.Andtheminoritythatdoeswashdoesn’tdoitproperly—whichmightbeevenmoredangerous,becausetheythinkthey’reprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamilies,whentheyaren’t.__27____28__Chancesareyou’veprobablytakenabiteofsomethinginthefridgethat’sjustabitpasttheexpirationdate,inanefforttoseeifit’ssafetoeattherestofit.Ifit’sgonedangerouslybad,itshouldtasteextremelyunpleasant,right?__29__AccordingtotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,thereisonetypeofbacteriawhichtypicallydoesn’talterthetaste,smellorappearanceoffood.Washfruitandveggies,evenifyou’regoingtopeel(削皮)them.__30__Theproblemisthatwhenyoucutawaytheunwashedskinandthenusethesameknifetocutupwhat’sunderneaththat,youactuallymaybespreadingbacteriafromtheoutsidetothepreviouslypristineinside.Infact,youcancontaminate(弄脏)theveggiesfurtherifyoursaladbowlorsinkisnotclean.A.Notnecessarily.B.Bettersafethansorry.C.Don’ttastefoodtoseeifit’sgood.D.Howeveryouwashyourhands，atleastwashthem.E.Whywashthemwhenyouarenotgoingtoeattheskin?10,F.Butthosearen’ttheonlyplacesyoumightgetfoodpoisoning.G.Youaresupposedtowetyourhandswithrunningwater，applysoapandwashforatleast20seconds.【答案】26.F27.G28.C29.A30.E【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了在我们日常生活中一些被忽视的食物安全指南，包括正确地洗手、削皮前也要洗水果和蔬菜等。26.空前一句是说你可能认为在低档餐馆或户外烧烤摊你可能会食物中毒，空后一句是说你在自己厨房里处理食物的方式也容易使你生病，故F项符合语境。27.根据该段的标题Washyourhandsproperly.可知，该段是讲正确洗手的内容，故G项“你应该用流动的水弄湿你的手，涂上肥皂，至少洗20秒”与此处匹配。28.此处为该段的标题。根据本段内容可知，食物的味道、气味或外观即使没有变化，过了保质期的食物并不一定可以安全食用，故C项“不要品尝食物以确认其是否是好的”总结该段内容。29.根据语境可知，空处应是对前一句问句的回答，空后一句是说有一种细菌不会改变食物的味道、气味或外观，故A项符合语境。30.根据该段标题可知，该段讲的是水果和蔬菜去皮前要清洗的内容，结合空后一句的内容可知，E项符合语境，故选E项。10
