2022年高考英语专题复习：阅读理解（说明文、议论文）专项练习题1(2020·济南市高三年级学习质量评估)SolothurnisapicturesquetowninthenorthwestofSwitzerlandknownprimarilyforitsclosestrelationwiththenumbereleven.Itseemslikeeverythinginthisplacewasdesignedaroundthismagicalnumber,fromthefactthattherearepreciselyelevenchurches,aswellaselevenhistoricalfountains,elevenmuseumsandeleventowers,totheunusualclockinthetownsquarethatfeaturesaneleven－hourdialandthenumbertwelvemissing.AlthoughnearlyeveryoneinSolothurnknowsaboutthetown’sobsessionwiththenumbereleven,theoriginofthatiscoveredinmystery.ThefirstmentionofeleveninSolothurn’shistorydatesbackto1252,whenelevenmemberswerefirstelectedforthetown’scouncil.AnothergreatexampleofSolothurn’sobsessionwiththenumberelevenisthemagnificentCathedralofSt.Ursus.DesignedbyItalianarchitectGaetanoMatteoPisoni,itwasbuiltinelevenyears.Itfeaturesthreesetsofsteps,eachnumberingelevenrows,elevendoors,elevenbellsandelevenaltars(祭坛),oneofwhichismadeoutofelevendifferenttypesofmarble.Interestingly,thealtarscanbeviewedatthesametimefromonlyoneplaceinthecathedral,theeleventhblackstoneinthelongcentralpart.ThepeopleofSolothurnalsoshowanintenseinterestinthenumberelevenintheirdailylife.Therearespecialcelebrationsheldoneleventhbirthdays,andtherearelocalproductsandbusinessesthatincludethespecialnumber.Thereis“Öufi－Bier”(Beereleven),“eleven－iSchokolade”(eleven－Chocolate),andeven“öufiyoga”(eleveno’clockyoga).ThemysteriousrelationshipbetweenSolothurnandthenumberhasbecomeoneofthetown’sprimarytouristattractions,andthereisevenathemedtouraboutthenumbereleven.1.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutSolothurninParagraph1?A.Itsuniquedesigns.B.Itsculturalorigin.C.Itsnaturalattractions.D.Itsconnectionwithnature.第16页共16页,2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Thenumbereleven.B.ThecityofSolothurn.C.Solothurn’sloveforeleven.D.ThehistoryofSwitzerland.3.WhatistheCathedralofSt.Ursuslike?A.Itsstepscontain33rowsinall.B.Itsdoorsaremadeoutofmarble.C.Ithaselevenbellsoneachstep.D.Ithaselevenaltarsinthecenter.4.WhatdoweknowaboutthepeopleofSolothurn?A.Theyattachgreatimportancetotourism.B.Theybringnumbereleventodailylife.C.Theyleadabusybutcomfortablelife.D.Theyareexpertatdesigningproducts.2Vaccination(接种疫苗)isamongthemosteffectivewaystohelpuspreventdiseases.Forvirusesthatdon'tchangetoomuch—themeaslesvirus(麻疹病毒),forexample—gettingvaccinatedisaonce-and-for-allmethodtopreventyoufrombecominginfectedwiththevirus.Ifyouhadtwomeaslesvaccineswhenyouwereachild,youwouldbeprotectedforlife.However,it'sadifferentstorywhenitcomestoinfluenza(流行性感冒),commonlyknownas“theflu”,whichgenerallypeaksbetweenDecemberandFebruary.Fluvaccinescannotprotectusinthelongterm.Thereisnolong-termimmunity(免疫),accordingtoTheodoreStrange,associatemedicaldirectoratStatenIslandUniversityHospitalinNewYork.“Thevirusessentially‘changesitscoat’—H1N1,H2N3,andsoon,”hetoldthewebsiteHealthline.Apartfromaperson’simmuneprotectionfromfluvaccinationdecliningovertime,fluvirusesarealsoconstantlychanging.Sothevaccinesarelikelytobeupdatedfromoneseasontothenexttoprotectagainstthevirusesthatresearchsuggestsmaybethemostcommonduringtheupcomingfluseason.Thus,todevelopeffectivefluvaccines,over100nationalinfluenzacentersaroundtheworldconductyear-roundsurveillance(监测)forinfluenza.Researcherswilltest第16页共16页,thousandsofinfluenzavirussamplesfrompatients,accordingtotheofficialwebsiteoftheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).TheWorldHealthOrganizationalsosuggeststherearethreeorfourinfluenzavirusesthataremostlikelytospreadamongpeopleduringtheupcomingfluseason.Butevenwhenavaccineisdeveloped,gettingitcanprovetobedifficult,asitisinhighdemandandshortsupply.Thetimingofinfluenzavaccineproductionanddistributionisunpredictable,thustheavailabilityofthefluvaccinesupplydoesnotalwaysmeetpeakdemand.Soscientistsprioritizeaccesstothevaccination.TheCDCrecommendskeypopulations,suchasmedicalstaff,teachers,students,childrenandthoseaged60andabove,receivefluvaccines.Thisyearthesituationseemsmorecomplicated,astheupcomingfluseasoncoincideswiththeCOVID-19pandemic.Thiscouldoverwhelmhospitals,straining(过度使用)resourcesandhealthcareworkers,time.5.Whatdoweknowaboutinfluenza?A.Influenzavirusesarecontinuouslychanging.B.ItcommonlypeaksbetweenNovemberandDecember.C.Gettingtwofluvaccinescanprotectpeopleagainsttheviruses.D.H1N1andH2N3arethemosteasilyinfectiousfluviruses.6.Howdoresearchersimprovefluvaccines?A.Theyupdatevaccinesonceayear.B.Theymonitorthefluthroughouttheyear.C.Theyfocusononeortwovirusesduringaperiod.D.Influenzacentersworldwidesharevirussamplesfrompatients.7.Whydoscientistsprioritizeaccesstothevaccination?A.Becausenotallpeoplecanaffordit.B.Becausesomepeoplerefusetogetvaccinated.C.Becausethevaccineisnotsafeforeveryone.D.Becausethevaccinefailstomeetthedemand.8.Whatdoestheauthor’sattitudetowardstheupcomingfluseason?A.Worried.B.Positive.C.Confident.D.Skeptical.3第16页共16页,(2020·深圳市高三第二次检测)EastAfricaisexperiencingtheworstdesertlocust(蝗虫)outbreakindecades.Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion,andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks,urgentactionsandfundsareneededtopreventahumancrisis.TwentymillionpeopleinsixoftheeightEastAfricancountriesmostaffectedbyanongoingdesertlocustoutbreakareatriskofseriousfoodinsecurity.Consideredamongthemostdestructiveofmovingpests,anadultlocustcanconsume2gofplantsperday,affectingcropsandgrasslands.Agrouptypicallyholds20to150millionlocustspersquarekilometerandcanmovehundredsofkilometersperday,invadingareascoveringmillionsofsquarekilometers.Anactivegroup,therefore,candestroycropsandgrasslandswithinaveryshortperiodoftime.Thatglobalwarmingcouldincreasetheriskofthedesertlocustcrisiswasproposedovertenyearsago,andinFebruary,theUNSecretary－GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋风)generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts.Theoutbreakhasitsoriginsin2018,whenaseriesofcyclonesintheArabianPeninsula(阿拉伯半岛)enabledthewarmandwetconditionsthedesertlocustrequiresforbreedinginremoteregions.Thoughourfocushereismigrationwest,dreadfuloutbreaksofthedesertlocusthavebeenexperiencedtotheeast.Thesituationisgoingoutofcontrol.Arescueoperationandfinancialsupportneednodelay.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138millionforrapidresponseandimmediateaction—controllingthespreadofthedesertlocustandsafeguardinglivelihoods.Theysaythemathsisclear:abouthalfthefundingisneededforsupervision,groundandskycontrol,andunitingefforts;theotherhalfisneededforlivelihoodsandfoodsecurityoffarmers.Theyhavecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactnowthroughfunding.However,bytheendofFebruary,justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised.ThismostalarmingcrisishasdevelopedandisworseninginEastAfrica.Thefundsneededtocontrolthesituationbecomeverydifficulttoachieveandthegapisabigconcern.9.WhydoesthecrisishappeninEastAfrica?第16页共16页,A.Thereisabigpopulationthere.B.Therearelargedesertsandgrasslands.C.AfricalieswestoftheArabianPeninsula.D.Climategoodforbreedingplaysarole.10.WhydoesthewriterlistthosefiguresinPara.2?A.Towarnoftheterribledamagecausedbylocusts.B.Tohelpusunderstandhowlocustslive.C.Toshowhowmanylocuststherearenow.D.TodrawapictureofpresentAfrica.11.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.Thecrisisisnotnoticeduntilrecently.B.Moremoneyisneededtopreventthecrisis.C.Thecrisishasbeenthefocusoftheworld.D.LocustsareallfromtheArabianPeninsula.12.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.KillinglocustsbeforetoolateB.Globalwarming,aworldproblemC.ThefundinggapforthelocustcrisisD.Africa，acrisis－strickenplace4(2020·兰州高三诊断考试)Antsknowwhenanearthquakeisabouttostrike,researchershavediscovered.Theirbehaviorchangessignificantlypriortothequakeandtheyresumenormalfunctioningonlyadayafterit.GabrieleBerberichoftheUniversityDuisburg－EsseninGermanypresentedthesefindingsonThursdayattheEuropeanGeosciencesUnionannualmeetinginViennaaccordingtoLiveScience.BerberichandhercolleaguesdiscoveredthatredwoodantspreferredtobuildtheircoloniesrightalongactivefaultsinGermany.Theycounted15,000mounds(土堆)liningthefaults.Thesefaultsaretheplaceswheretheearthviolentlyburstsinearthquakes.Usingaspecialcamerathattrackedchangesinactivity,Berberichandhercolleaguestrackedtheantsroundtheclockforthreeyears.Theyfoundthattheants’behaviorchangedonlywhenthequakewasovermagnitude(震级)2.Therewere10第16页共16页,earthquakesbetweenmagnitude2.0and3.2duringthisperiod,andmanysmallerones.Humanscanalsosensequakesovermagnitude2only.AccordingtoBerberich,normalantactivityconsistsofgoingaboutcollectingfoodetc.duringthedayandrestinginthenight.Butbeforeanearthquaketheantsdidn’tgobacktotheirmoundinthenightandmovedaroundoutsideit.Thisstrangeandabnormalbehaviorcontinuedtilladayaftertheearthquake,Berberichtoldanewsconference,accordingtoLiveScience.Howdoantsknowanearthquakeiscoming?BerberichsuggestedthattheycouldeitherbepickingupchanginggasemissionsornotingtinychangesintheEarth’smagneticfields(磁场).“Redwoodantshavespecialcellswhichcandetectchangesincarbondioxidelevels.Theyalsohavespecialcellsfordetectingelectromagneticfields,”shesaid.Berberichandhercolleaguesareplanningtocontinuetheresearchinareaswheretherearemoreandbiggerearthquakes.13.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“resume”inParagraph1?A.Form.B.Avoid.C.Recover.D.Improve.14.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadtothemaintopic.B.Todescribeanewspeciesofant.C.Tointroduceafamousresearcher.D.Totellhowtopredictanearthquake.15.Whathappenstotheantsbeforeanearthquake?A.Theyhavenoappetite.B.Theyaretooexcitedtorest.C.Theygetlostontheirwayhome.D.Theyrefusetogoinsidetheirnests.16.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Antscanonlydetectsmallerearthquakes.B.Theresultoftheresearchiscompletelyreliable.C.Antsmayhavetwowaystopredictearthquakes.D.Researchersdon’tknowhowantspredictearthquakes.5Afewyearsago,Iboughtaflat.Itwasatriumphofhopeanddeterminationover第16页共16页,propertyprices,andthepeakofa20-yeardream.ThedayIgotthekeysshouldhavebeenthemostexcitingdayofmylifeandyet,thesecondIopenedthedoor,panicsetin.Ispentmyfirstnightasahomeownerinahotelresearchinghowtosellaflatandwonderingifitwastoolatetochangemymind.Ididn’tsellmyflatbecauseIrememberedwhyIhadwanteditinthefirstplace—buttherearetimeswhenwegetwhatwewantanditsimplyisn’tright.I’vealwaysfoundastrangedisconnectbetweenwantingsomethingandgettingit.Wantingisaplaceofpossibilityand,inastateoflack,thedesireisstrong.Weimaginehowthisthing—anewjoborrelationship—canchangeourlivesandatthesametimeforgetthataddingsomethingtoourlifedoesn’tmeanallourproblemsdisappear.Wecreateanarrativearoundthedesireand,whenwegetit,anditisdifferenttohowwepicturedit,wefeelfrustrated.Forme,thismostoftenoccursinrelationships.Ihaveahabitoffillinginthegapswithpeople,ratherthangettingtoknowthem.Igoonadatewithsomeoneand,insteadofpiecingthemtogetherbrickbybrick,Istarttoimaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewiththeminit.Itshouldn’thavebeenashockthattherealityinnowaymatchedmyfantasy—butitwas.IknewIwantedout,yetpartofmefeltcommitted:thiswassomeoneIthoughtIhadwantedforsolong,Icouldn’twalkaway,couldI?Wetendtoshameothersforchangingtheirminds.Ithink,however,it’sfarbravertomovetowardssomethingthatwillbringhappinessthantostayinamiserablesituationtoprotectyourpride.So,whensomeonetellsyouthey’vechangedtheirminds,congratulatethemonknowingthemselveswellenough,andbeingstrongenough,toadmitit.Ittakesalottocomecleanaboutgettingitwrong,butthereliefofdoingso—ofsettingourselvesfreefromapersonal-shapedhole,isworthiteverytime.17.Whydidtheauthorspendherfirstnightasahomeownerinahotel?A.Theflatwasunderdecoration.B.Shewantedtosellthisterribleflat.C.Theflatwasdifferentfromherdesire.D.Shewastooexcitedtosleepintheflat.18.Whichofthefollowingismostadvisableinrelationshipsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Fillinginthegapswithpeoplearoundyou.B.Gettingtoknowotherslittlebylittlenaturally.C.Imaginingwhatthelifewouldbelikewithothers.D.Spendingplentyoftimetopromotetherelationship.第16页共16页,19.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytotellus?A.Neverchangeyourmind.B.Nevergiveupyourfirst-timedream.C.Itisworthwhiletoprotectone'sownpride.D.Itisbravetostepoutofamiserablesituation.20.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnewflatB.Apersonal-shapedholeC.AproudsoulD.Anunexceptedaccident6(2020·合肥市高三第二次诊断检测)Scientistshavecreatedtheworld’sfirstliving，self-healing(自愈的)robotsusingstemcellsfromfrogs.NamedaftertheAfricanclawedfrogsfromwhichtheytaketheirstemcells,xenobotsarelessthanamillimeterwide—smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim,surviveforweekswithoutfood,andworktogetheringroups.Theseare“entirelynewlifeforms”,saidprojectco－leaderMichaelLevin,directoroftheAllenDiscoveryCenter.Theresearchersremovedlivingstemcells,whichhavetheabilitytodevelopintodifferentcelltypes,fromfrogembryos(胚胎),andleftthemtoincubate(孵化).Then,thecellswerecutandreshapedintospecific“bodyforms”designedbyasupercomputer.“They’reneitheratraditionalrobotnoraknownspeciesofanimal,”saidroboticsexpertJoshuaBongard.Thecellsthenbegantoworkontheirownandevenhavetheregenerativepower;whenthescientistscutthelivingrobotalmostinhalf,itscellsautomaticallyzippeditsbodybackup.Xenobotsdon’tlookliketraditionalrobots—theyhavenoshinyclothingorroboticarms.Instead,theylookmorelikeatinydropofmovingpinkflesh.Theresearcherssaythisisdeliberate—thisbiologicalmachinecanachievethingstypicalrobotsofsteelandplasticcannotdo.“Traditionalrobotsdegradeovertimeandcanproduceecologicalandhealthsideeffects,”researcherssaidinthestudy.Asbiologicalmachines,xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth,thestudysaid.Researchisbeingdoneintousingtherobotstocleanupradioactivewasteorevenmicroplasticsfromtheocean.Scientistsarealsotryingtoincludeagreatervarietyofcells—anewnervoussystemforexample.However,somepeoplearguethatthe第16页共16页,additionofnervecellswouldcausemoralproblems.Thegeneralpublichavealsoexpressedconcernthathumanswouldbetakencontrolofbyrobots.However,MichaelLevinthinksthere’snoneedtoworry.“Xenobotshavenoabilitytoreproduceorevolve.Thesupercomputerwhichisusedtoproducethemdoesuseartificialintelligence.Butfornow,allisfine,”saidLevin.21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheadvantageofAItechnology.B.Theintroductionofalatestrobot.C.ThemedicalvalueofAfricanclawedfrogs.D.Theapplicationofrobotsinmedicine.22.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“regenerative”underlinedinParagraph2?A.Healingbyitself.B.Replacingoldcells.C.Livingmuchlonger.D.Defendingagainstattacks.23.Whatdoweknowaboutxenobots?A.Theycanbreakupsteelandplasticwhiledegrading.B.Theycandoeverythingthattraditionalrobotscando.C.Theydolessharmtotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.D.Theyoftenchangetheircolordeliberatelywhilemoving.24.WhatisMichaelLevin’sattitudetowardthedevelopmentofxenobots?A.Ambiguous.B.Positive.C.Skeptical.D.Cautious.7Theideaoflowmaterialdesire,lowconsumptionandrefusingtowork,marryandhavechildren,concludedasa“lyingdown”lifestyle,recentlystruckachordwithmanyyoungChinesewhoareeagertotakepausetobreatheinthisfast-pacedandhighly-competitivesociety.Manymillennials(千禧一代)andgenerationZscomplainedtotheGlobalTimesthatburdens,includingworkstress,familydisputes(纷争)andfinancialstrains,havepushedthem“againstthewall”.Theysaidtheyhatethe“involution(内卷),”jokingthattheywouldrathergiveupsomeofwhattheyhavethangettrappedinanendlesscompetitionagainstpeers.第16页共16页,“Insteadofalwaysfollowingthe‘virtues’ofstruggle,endureandsacrificetobearthestresses,theypreferatemporarylyingdownascatharsis(宣泄)andadjustment,”saidascholar.“Itisnowonderthatsomeyoungpeople,underthegrowingpressuresfromchild-raisingtopayingthemortgage(按揭)today,wouldtrytoliveinasimplewayandleavetheworriesbehind.”Interestingly,themajorityofmillennialsandGenZsreachedbytheGlobalTimes,whoclaimtobebigfansofthelyingdownphilosophy,acknowledgedthattheyonlyacceptatemporarylyingdownasashortrest.Itistruethatwiththegreatimprovementoflivingconditions,someChineseyouthhavepartiallylostthespiritofhardshipandarenotwillingtobeartoomuchhardwork.Butinfact,lyingdownisnotentirelycomfortable.Youngpeoplewholiedownalwaysfeelguiltyabouttheirconstantlossofmorale(士气)farbeyondtheirreach.“Youngpeopleoncampushavebothaspirationsandconfusionabouttheirfuture,butmostofushaverejectedsettingourselvesupinchainstowasteopportunitiesandchallenges,”apostgraduatestudenttoldtheGlobalTimes.“It’snouserunningaway.Ihaveto‘standup’andfacetherealitysoonerorlater.”25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph1mean?A.Warned.B.Criticized.C.Touched.D.Amused.26.Whatmighthavecausedthe“lyingdown”lifestyleamongtheyoung?A.Improvementsinlivingconditions.B.Growingpressurefromfamilyandsociallife.C.Increasingmaterialpossessionsfromfamilies.D.Temporaryadjustmenttofailureincompetitions.27.What’sthescholar’sattitudetowardthe“lyingdown”group?A.Understanding.B.Intolerant.C.Supportive.D.Unclear.28.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheyounggenerationfromthetext?A.Theyneverreallydroptheirresponsibilities.B.Theyreallyenjoythe“lyingdown”lifestyle.C.Theyfindtheirdreamsfarbeyondtheirreach.D.Theywouldratherescapethantakechallenges.第16页共16页,答案解析1【答案】1-4ACAB【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了Solothurn这个地方的人们对数字11(eleven)的喜爱。1.段落大意题。根据第一段内容，尤其是本段第二句中的“Itseemslikeeverythinginthisplacewasdesignedaroundthismagicalnumber，fromthefactthat...”可知，第一段主要讲述了Solothurn的城市布局、建筑等的设计都与数字11有关。由此可知，文章第一段讲述的是Solothurn独特的设计。故选A。2.指代判断题。根据第二段第一句“AlthoughnearlyeveryoneinSolothurn...iscoveredinmystery.”可知，“that”指代句子前半部分中的“thetown’sobsessionwiththenumbereleven”。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“Itfeaturesthreesetsofsteps...differenttypesofmarble.”可知，教堂有三组台阶，每组有11级台阶。由此可知，教堂共有33级台阶。故选A。4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“ThepeopleofSolothurnalsoshow...intheirdailylife.”以及其后的“specialcelebrations”与“localproductsandbusiness”等可知，Solothurn的人们已经将数字11融入了他们的日常生活。故选B。2【答案】5-8ABDA【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了接种疫苗是帮助我们预防疾病的最有效方法之一，有的疫苗可以一劳永逸的保护接种人，而流感疫苗则是个例外。并介绍了流感疫苗的相关知识，如其生产研发，市场行情以及优先接种流感疫苗的人群等。5.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Apartfromaperson’simmuneprotectionfromfluvaccinationdecliningovertime,fluvirusesarealsoconstantlychanging.(除了一个人对流感疫苗的免疫保护随着时间的推移而下降外，流感病毒也在不断变化。)”可知，流感病毒在不断变化。故选A。6.细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Thus,todevelopeffectivefluvaccines,over100第16页共16页,nationalinfluenzacentersaroundtheworldconductyear-roundsurveillance(监测)forinfluenza.(因此，为了研制有效的流感疫苗，全世界100多个国家流感中心对流感进行了全年监测。)”可知，为了研制有效的流感疫苗，研究人员全年监测流感。故选B。7.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Butevenwhenavaccineisdeveloped,gettingitcanprovetobedifficult,asitisinhighdemandandshortsupply.Thetimingofinfluenzavaccineproductionanddistributionisunpredictable,thustheavailabilityofthefluvaccinesupplydoesnotalwaysmeetpeakdemand.(但是，即使研制出疫苗，也很难获得疫苗，因为疫苗的需求量很大，而且供不应求。流感疫苗生产和分发的时间是不可预测的，因此流感疫苗供应的可获得性并不总是与高峰需求相吻合)”和倒数第二段“Soscientistsprioritizeaccesstothevaccination.(所以科学家们优先考虑接种疫苗。)”可知，因为疫苗需求量很大、供不应求，并不总是能满足需求，所以科学家们优先考虑接种疫苗。故选D。8.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thisyearthesituationseemsmorecomplicated,astheupcomingfluseasoncoincideswiththeCOVID-19pandemic.Thiscouldoverwhelmhospitals,straining(过度使用)resourcesandhealthcareworkerstime.(今年的情况似乎更加复杂，因为即将到来的流感季节恰逢新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行。这可能会压垮医院，占用资源和医护人员的时间。)”可知，作者认为因为今年即将到来的流感季节恰逢COVD-19大流行，所有这种情况会更复杂，使医院、医疗资源和医护人员不堪重负，因此对医务工作者来说，这可能比以往任何时候都更具挑战性，从而推断作者持担心的态度。故选A。3【答案】9-12DABC【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况及蝗灾的其他相关情况。9.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Climateeventshaveaccelerated...expectedincomingweeks”及第三段中的“theUNSecretary－GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthat...theperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts.”可知，有利于蝗虫繁殖的气候发挥了作用，故选D。10.第16页共16页,推理判断题。根据第二段中列举的数据可以看出，东非蝗灾影响的国家多、人数多及蝗灾的危害大。由此可推知，作者列举那些数据的目的是告知蝗虫造成的严重破坏，故选A。11.细节理解题。根据第五段中的第一句“TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasput...US$138million”和最后一句并结合最后一段的内容可知，抗击蝗灾需要很多资金，然而，资金缺口却非常大，故选B。12.标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况以及导致蝗灾爆发的因素和其带来的严重后果，故C项最适合作本文标题。4【答案】13-16CADC【解析】本文是说明文。研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场的细胞。13.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Theirbehaviorchangessignificantly...onlyadayafterit.”和倒数第二段第三句“Thisstrangeandabnormalbehaviorcontinuedtilladayaftertheearthquake”可知，“resume”含义与“恢复正常”有关。故选C项。14.推理判断题。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段前两句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则详细叙述了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题。故选A。15.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Butbeforeanearthquake...andmovedaroundoutsideit.”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴。故选D项。16.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Howdoantsknowanearthquakeiscoming？”可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，我们可以得出这样一个结论，即蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化。故选C项。5【答案】17-20CDDA【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为想要的事物在得到时却发现和想象的不一样，作者劝诫我们改变主意并不丢人。17.细节理解题。根据第一段“ThedayIgotthekeysshouldhavebeenthemostexcitingdayofmylifeandyet,thesecondIopenedthedoor,panicsetin.Ispentmy第16页共16页,firstnightasahomeownerinahotelresearchinghowtosellaflatandwonderingifitwastoolatetochangemymind.(我拿到钥匙的那天本应该是我这辈子最激动人心的一天，然而，当我打开门的那一刻，恐慌就开始了。当上房主后的第一个晚上，我在一家酒店里研究如何卖公寓，想着现在改变主意是否太晚了)”可知，作者看到房子时与自己预期的不一样，想卖掉它，当晚并没有住在那里，所以作者在酒店度过了她作为房主的第一个晚上。故选C项。18.推理判断题。根据第三段“Forme,thismostoftenoccursinrelationships.Ihaveahabitoffillinginthegapswithpeople,ratherthangettingtoknowthem.Igoonadatewithsomeoneand,insteadofpiecingthemtogetherbrickbybrick,Istarttoimaginewhatmylifewouldbelikewiththeminit.(对我来说，这经常发生在人际关系中。我有一个习惯，就是和别人一起填补空白，而不是去了解他们。我会和某人约会，而不是一砖一瓦地把他们拼在一起，我会开始想象有了他们我的生活会是什么样子)”及本段最后一句“Icouldn’twalkaway,couldI?(我不能离开，不是吗？)”可知，结识某人后发现和自己期待的不一样，不应该放弃这段关系，那样是没有责任心的，应该是和他们约会相处继续了解，而不是靠想象。故选D项。19.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Wetendtoshameothersforchangingtheirminds.Ithink,however,it’sfarbravertomoveto-wardssomethingthatwillbringhappinessthantostayinamiserablesituationtoprotectyourpride.(我们往往会因为别人改变主意而感到羞愧。然而，我认为，与其为了保护自己的自尊而呆在痛苦的处境中，还不如勇敢地去追求能带来幸福的东西)”可知，作者认为，为维护自尊待在痛苦的境况中不做出改变是懦弱的，走出窘境去追求能带来幸福的事情是更勇敢的。故选D项。20.主旨大意题。第一段作者用自己买房子的亲身经历说出，自己追求已久的东西得到时发现与自己的期待不符，及第二段“Ididn’tsellmyflatbecauseIrememberedwhyIhadwanteditinthefirstplace—buttherearetimeswhenwegetwhatwewantanditsimplyisn’tright.I’vealwaysfoundastrangedisconnectbetweenwantingsomethingandgettingit.(我没有卖掉我的公寓，因为我记得我最初为什么想要它——但有时我们得到了我们想要的东西，但它就是不对的。我总是在想要和得到之间发现一种奇怪的脱节)”第16页共16页,，并由此展开对欲望与现实的关系的讨论，所以那套公寓是一个喻体，是文章关键词。故选A项。6【答案】21-24BACB【解析】本文是说明文。科学家们利用非洲爪蟾的干细胞创造了世界上第一个活的、能自愈的机器人，该机器人更加环保，对人类健康更安全，能做一般机器人不能做的事。21.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一句为全文的主题句，下文围绕该主题句展开，介绍了科学家利用非洲爪蟾的干细胞创造的世界上第一个活的、能自愈的机器人的相关情况。故B项正确。22.词义猜测题。根据第二段尾句中的“whenthescientistscutthelivingrobotalmostinhalf,itscellsautomaticallyzippeditsbodybackup.”可知，当科学家们把这个活的机器人几乎切成两半时，它的细胞会将身体自动复原。据此可推知，画线词的词义与A项接近。23.细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth”可知，这种机器人更环保，且对人类健康来说更安全。故C项正确。24.观点态度题。根据尾段Levin所说的话“Xenobotshavenoabilitytoreproduce...Butfornow,allisfine.”可推知，Levin对这种机器人的发展持积极乐观的态度。故B项正确。7【答案】25-28CBAA【解析】这是一篇议论文。在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，许多年轻人渴望暂时停下来喘口气，因此他们选择“躺平”，他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力。但他们大多数人都不想浪费了机会和挑战，也不会真正放下自己的责任。25.词句猜测题。根据第一段“Theideaoflowmaterialdesire,lowconsumptionandrefusingtowork,marryandhavechildren(低物质欲望，低消费，拒绝工作，结婚和生育的观念)…”对这种生活方式和“…manyyoungChinesewhoareeagertotakepausetobreatheinthisfast-pacedandhighly-competitivesociety(在这个快节奏、竞争激烈的社会中，渴望停下来喘口气的许多年轻人)”第16页共16页,年轻一代的生存状态的描述，可知，年轻人对这种观念是认同并受其影响的，划线词意为“触动，影响”，故选C。26.细节理解题。根据第二段“Manymillennials(千禧一代)andgenerationZscomplainedtotheGlobalTimesthatburdens,includingworkstress,familydisputes(纷争)andfinancialstrains,havepushedthem“againstthewall”(许多千禧一代和z一代向《环球时报》抱怨，工作压力、家庭纠纷和经济压力等负担把他们逼到了绝境。).”可知，来自家庭和社会生活的日益增长的压力可能是致使年轻人“躺平”的生活方式的原因，故选B。27.推理判断题。根据第三段“Insteadofalwaysfollowingthe‘virtues’ofstruggle,endureandsacrificetobearthestresses,theypreferatemporarylyingdownascatharsis(宣泄)andadjustment,(他们不愿总是遵循奋斗、忍受和牺牲的美德来承受压力，他们宁愿暂时躺下，作为宣泄和调整)”和“Itisnowonderthatsomeyoungpeople,…wouldtrytoliveinasimplewayandleavetheworriesbehind.(难怪一些年轻人，……会努力过一种简单的生活方式，把烦恼抛在脑后。)”可知，学者对“躺平”群体的态度是理解的，故选A。28.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youngpeopleoncampushavebothaspirationsandconfusionabouttheirfuture,butmostofushaverejectedsettingourselvesupinchainstowasteopportunitiesandchallenges(校园里的年轻人既有抱负，也对自己的未来感到困惑，但我们大多数人都拒绝了，把自己束之高悬，浪费了机会和挑战)”和“It’snouserunningaway.Ihaveto‘standup’andfacetherealitysoonerorlater(逃跑没有用。我迟早要站起来面对现实。)”可知，他们从未真正放下自己的责任。故选A。第16页共16页
