山西省永济市涑北中学高三英语周测题（12.21）A（2022.江苏）AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear．Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills（seepicture）totouchbottom．AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere．Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine（涡轮发电机）．Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton,2.3-megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology．Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar（seepicture）,atechnologyHywind’screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently．Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecable（缆索）；thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves．Hywind’sstability（稳定性）inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower．Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember．Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean．Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar’scentreofgravitymusttomovedmuchclosertotheocean’ssurface.Todothat,thecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox（变速箱）sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades（seepicture）Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge．Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted．Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection．Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable．63．TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof_______．A．thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB．thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawaterC．thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawind-6-D．thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface64．Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting____________．A．ontheseafloorB．onthespartopC．atsealevelD．behindtheblades65．Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan____________．A．solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB．makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC．settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD．explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatseaB（2022.陕西）Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweighs10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,thecleverertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligent(聪明的)thanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofthebrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”andIthasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyallatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatial(空间的)tasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections…andwomenoftenneedto!Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetuses(胎儿)areaboutmineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenadyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrier(障碍物)beforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills,whilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors(祖先),amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtooneresearch.-6-Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.57.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’sB.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.58.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.B.MorewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskillsC.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.60.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?A.Defensive.B.Persuasive.C.Supportive.D.Objective.C（2022.辽宁） ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren. Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomsTVs. Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon’tprovethatTVisthecauseanddon’truleoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人)maywatchlotsofTV. TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.ThosewithcollegedegreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2½hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.-6- IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowest,whilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest. WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn’thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.64.AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight____________.A.havewatchedalotofTVB.notbeinterestedinmathC.beunabletogotocollegeD.havehadcomputersintheirbedrooms65.Whatistheresearchers’understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults?A.Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV. B.HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest.C.TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds. D.TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain.66.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs? A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.C.TVsetsshouldn’tbeallowedinchildren’sbedrooms. D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone. 67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext? A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren’sLearningHabitsD(2022湖南)Peoplediettolookmoreattractive.Fishdiettoavoidbeingbeatenup,thrownoutoftheirsocialgroup,andgettingeatenasaresult.ThatisthefascinatingconclusionofthelatestresearchintofishbehaviorbyateamofAustralianscientists.Theresearchteamhavediscoveredthatsubordinatefishvoluntarilydiettoavoidchallengingtheirlargercompetitors.“Instudyinggobieswenoticedthatonlythelargesttwoindividuals,amaleandfemale,hadbreeding（繁殖）rightswithinthegroup,”explainsMarianWong.“Allothergroupmembersarenonbreedingfemales,eachbeing5-10%smaller-6-thanitsnextlargestcompetitor.Wewantedtofindouthowtheymaintainthisprecisesizeseparation.”Thereasonforthesizedifferencewaseasytosee.Onceasubordinatefishgrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,itcausesafightwhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup.Moreoftenthannot,theevictedfishistheneatenup.Itappearedthatthesmallerfishwerekeepingthemselvessmallinordertoavoidchallengingthebossfish.Whethertheydidsovoluntarily,byrestraininghowmuchtheyate,wasnotclear.Theresearchteamdecidedtodoanexperiment.Theytriedtofattenupsomeofthesubordinategobiestoseewhathappened.Totheirsurprise,thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered,clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights,overhavingafeast.Thediscoverychallengesthetraditionalscientificviewofhowbossindividualskeeptheirpositioninagroup.Previouslyitwasthoughtthatlargeindividualssimplyusedtheirweightandsizetothreatentheirsubordinatesandtakemoreofthefoodforthemselves,sokeepingtheircompetitorssmall.Whilethehabitsofgobiesmayseemalittlemysterious,Dr.Wongexplainsthatunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenbossandsubordinateanimalsisimportanttounderstandinghowhierarchical（等级的）societiesremainstable.Theresearchhasprovedthefactthatvoluntarydietingisahabitfarfromexclusivetohumans.“Asyet,welackacompleteunderstandingofhowwidespreadthevoluntaryreductionoffoodintakeisinnature,”theresearcherscomment.“Dataonhumandietingsuggeststhat,whilehumansgenerallydiettoimprovehealthorincreaseattractiveness,rarelydoesitimprovelong-termhealthandmalesregularlypreferfemalesthatarefatterthanthefemales’ownideal.”65.Whenagobygrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,it.A.facesdangerB.hasbreedingrightsC.eatsitscompetitorD.leavesthegroupitself66.Theunderlinedwords“theevictedfish”inParagraph3referto.A.thefishbeatenupB.thefishfoundoutC.thefishfattenedupD.thefishdrivenaway67.Theexperimentshowedthatthesmallerfish.A.foughtoverafeastB.wentondietwillingly-6-C.preferredsomeextrafoodD.challengedthebossfish68.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.-6-
