山西省长治市2022届高三上学期九月份质量监测英语试题【注意事项】1.本试卷分为四部分。2.答卷前。考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上相应的位置。3.全部答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。4.本试卷满分150分，测试时间120分钟。5．考试范围：高考全部内容。第一部分︰听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分。满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLinda'shusband?A.Clever.B.Unfriendly.C.Quiet.2.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeonFriday?A.Rainy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahotel.B.Anairport.C.Ahospital.4.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Goingfishing.B.Stayingathome.C.Buyingsomebooks.5.Whatisintheman'sbag?A.SomeCDs.B.Somebottles.C.Somebooks.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesthewomanusuallydoonSaturdays?,A.Shegoesswimming.B.Sheplaysbasketball.C.Shegoesshopping.7.Whendoesthewomanusuallygotothecinemawithfriends?A.OnFridaynights.B.OnSaturdaynights.C.OnSundaynights.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhatwastherelationshipbetweenthewomanandJiminthepast?A.Relatives.B.Classmates.C.Colleagues.9.Whatisthewoman?A.Afilmactress.B.Anartdirector.C.Amagazineeditor.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoesthewomanlivenow?A.InCanada.B.InAmerica.C.InJapan.11.Whatlanguageisthewomangoodat?A.Italian.B.French.C.Spanish.12.Whatdoesthewomanteachinaschool?A.Medicine.B.English.C.Maths.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inapark.B.Atahotel.C.Inthestreet.14Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Sunny.B.Rainy.C.Cloudy.15.HowwillthemanprobablygotoWrigleyField?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.16.Whattimeisitprobablynow?A.3:00p.m.B.4:00p.m.C.5:00p.m.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Wheredoesthespeakerhavebreakfastiftheweatherisfine?A.Inthegarden.B.Inthekitchen.C.Inthelivingroom.18.Whendoesthespeakerusuallygotowork?A.At2:00p.m.B.At6:00p.m.C.At6:30p.m.19.Howdoesthespeakerusuallygohomefromtherestaurant?,A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bytrain.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?A.Sheisaviolinist.B.Sheofteneatsaloneafterwork.C.Sheoftenreadsthenewspaperatnight.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题：每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AToimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.TellurideAssociationSummerProgram(TASP)TASPisasix-weekprogramallowinghighschoolfreshmanfromaroundtheworldtogrowtheirsenseofinterpersonalawarenessandcommunityresponsibility.It'scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.MinorityIntroductiontoEngineeringandScience(MITES)Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.MITESisfree—theonlyexpenseisthetransportationtoandfromMIT.ClarkScholarProgram(CSP)Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.Everythingisfreeforchosenapplicantsexcepttheirmeals.JCampTheseven-weekonebringshighschoolfreshmanandsophomoresfromvariousbackgroundstogetherforparticipatinginsessionsandworkshopsledbynotablejournalistswherestudentscangethands-ontraininginjournalism.JCampisfreeifselected-participantsonlyneedtopayfortheboard.1.WhatcanbeexpectedofMITES?A.Itisaccessibletoworldwidestudents.B.Itlaysafoundationforcareerprospect.C.Itmakesnoextrachargefortransportation.D.Itawardsstudentsadvancedtechnical,degrees.2.WhichprogramissuitableforaUKhighschoolerwithupto5spareweeks?A.TASP.B.MITES.C.CSP.D.JCamp.3.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheprograms?A.Toseekforone-on-oneinstruction.B.Todevelopasenseofsocialduty.C.Togetparticipantsbetterpreparedforcollege.D.Toadvertisesomemajorsofthetopuniversities.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个帮助学生为大学做好准备的暑期项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thisweek-longprogramaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhilelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.(这个为期一周的项目针对所有美国高中生，可以帮助他们发展未来工程工作所需的技能，同时了解获得高级技术学位的价值和回报)”可知，MITES有望为职业前景打下基础。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingoneononewithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.(来自世界各地的高中生有机会获得数学领域的实际研究经验，同时与教师进行四个星期紧张的一对一工作)”可知，CSP课程适合最多有5周的课余时间的英国高中生。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Toimproveahighschoolerschanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogramsallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.(为了提高高中生进入顶尖大学的机会，暑期项目让年轻的学生可以探索感兴趣的领域，并体验大学生活)”结合文章主要介绍了四个帮助学生为大学做好准备的暑期项目。可推知，这些项目的共同目标是让参与者为上大学做更好的准备。故选C。BDoramiseMoreauisanincrediblewoman.Sincethestartofthecoronaviruspandemic,shehas,cookedthousandsofmealsallbyherselftofeedthehungryinherarea.Inatimeofuncertainty,Moreaubringslighttohercommunitybyensuringthateveryoneiswellfed.Moreauisa60-year-oldwidowwholiveswithherchildren,nephew,andthreegrandchildreninFlorida.Sheworksasacaretakeratatechnicalschool.Everyday,shewouldwalktoworkortakethebusbecauseshedidn'thaveacar.Whenthepandemicbegan,Moreaupartneredwithachurch.EveryThursdayandFriday,sheborrowsthechurchtrucktobuygroceries.Shethendevoteshertimetocookingmealsintheirkitchen.OnSaturday,churchvolunteersservethefoodandalsodeliverittothosewhoarehousebound.Moreaugoesaboveandbeyondtohelpthosearoundher.Whenthechurchcouldn'taffordacleaner,Moreaudidn'thesitatetohelp.Eachmorning,MoreaupreparesHaitianteatofightoffcolds,offeringthemtothepolice,churchstaffandcommunityleaders.HungerisnowprevalentacrosstheUS.AsstatedonFeedingAmerica,thepandemichascausedmorethan42millionpeoplealackofaccesstoaconsistentfoodsupply.Duetothis,peoplecometoMoreauforameal.Forthe1,000to1,500mealssheprepareseveryweek,shemakestraditionalHaitianrecipes.Sheservesbakedfish,roastturkey,riceandbeans,andfriedchicken.Forallthatshehasdone,Moreauwasnominated(提名)bycommunityleaderstoreceiveanewToyotaCorolla,completewitharedbow.Shecannowdrivetoworkandtothegroceryshoptobuyfoodforthecommunitymeals.Herstrongdevotiontohelpingpeopleinneedmakesheratruerolemodel.Witheachmealshelovinglyprepares,shebringswarmthandhopeintotheworld.4.WhatisMoreau?A.Acook.B.Acaretaker.C.Ateacher.D.Avolunteer.5.WhatdoesMoreauusuallydoeveryThursdayandFriday?A.Shelearnstodriveatruck.B.Shehelpstocleanthechurch.C.Sheinterviewssomevolunteers.D.Shecooksmealsinthechurch.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prevalent”inParagraph5mean?A.Common.B.Popular.,C.Reliable.D.Urgent.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMoreau?A.Generousandproud.B.Considerateandcareful.C.Devotedandhelpful.D.Loyalandreliable.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。DoramiseMoreau是一个不可思议的女人。自冠状病毒大流行开始以来，她独自做饭数千顿，为她所在地区的饥饿人群提供食物。在这个充满不确定性的时期，莫罗为她的社区带来光明，确保每个人都有充足的食物。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Sheworksasacaretakeratatechnicalschool.(她在一所技校担任管理员)”可知，Moreau是一名管理员。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenthepandemicbegan,Moreaupartneredwithachurch.EveryThursdayandFriday,sheborrowsthechurchtrucktobuygroceries.Shethendevoteshertimetocookingmealsintheirkitchen.(大流行病开始时，莫罗与一家教堂合作。每周四和周五，她都会借教堂的卡车去买食品杂货。然后她花时间在厨房做饭)”可知，莫罗通常每周四和周五在教堂做饭。故选D项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“AsstatedonFeedingAmerica,thepandemichascausedmorethan42millionpeoplealackofaccesstoaconsistentfoodsupply.(正如《喂饱美国》所述，疫情已造成4200多万人无法获得持续的粮食供应)”可知，饥饿现在在美国很普遍。由此推知，划线词的意思是“普遍的”意思。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreaugoesaboveandbeyondtohelpthosearoundher.(莫罗竭尽全力帮助她周围的人)”和最后一段“Herstrongdevotiontohelpingpeopleinneedmakesheratruerolemodel.(她热心帮助有需要的人，这使她成为一个真正的榜样)”可推知，她是热心的和乐于帮助人的。故选C项。CIsAmericaruiningEnglishorgivingitnewlife?Mostofthisolddebateconcernswords.Is,elevatoranimprovementonlift?Whysaytransportationwhentransportwilldo?Sometimesitinvolvesspelling,specificallytheAmericanreformsthatmadeBritishcentreintoAmericancenter.Realisticchangeordumbingdown?And,ofcourse,thequickestwaytotellaYankfromaBritisbypronunciation.ButthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglish(BE)andAmericanEnglish(AE)gobeyondwords,soundsandspellingtogrammaritself.Heretheycanbenotveryobvious,buttheyaremany:theindex(索引)ofthe“CambridgeGrammaroftheEnglishLanguage”mentionsregionaldifferencesin95places.MostpeopleassumethatanyvariationsbetweenthetwocountriesresultfromAmericaninnovation(创新),tothehorrorofBritons.Inreality,Americahasoftenbeentheconservativeone,andBritaintheinnovator.WhenBritishspeakersborrowAmericanhabits,theyaresometimesunintentionallyreadoptinganolderversionoftheirlanguage.Takethepastparticipleofget,whichinBritainisgotandinAmericagotten.TosomeBritons,Americangottenisacuteorannoyinginvention.Infact,itistheolderform,whichcamefromOldNorse.“Gotten”appearsinaBibletranslationof1535:“Treasuresthatarebadlygotten,profitnothing.”Itwasusedforcenturiesbeforebeingcombinedwiththepasttense,got,inBritain.NotthatAmericawasentirelyconservative;ithasagottoo.ButAmericansuseitdifferently:“He'sgotacar”meansheownsone,while“He'sgottenacar”meanshehasacquiredone.AmericanshaveindeedinnovatedextensivelywithEnglish,aswithotherthings.Butlanguageneversitsstill:theBritishvarietyitselfwentonchangingafter1776,asalllivinglanguagesmust.Americans,fortheirpart,eagerlyimportfashionableBritishslang(俚语).InsteadofcomplainingaboutAmericanisms,Britishobserverscouldsaythankstotheoldcolonies(殖民地)forkeepingtraditionalEnglishsafe.8.Whydoestheauthorraisethequestionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexpresshisseriousdoubts.B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.D.Toappealtoreaders'concernaboutEnglish.9.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondparagraph?A.BritishspeakersarewillingtoacceptAmericanhabits.B.Actually,Americaisconservativeaboutlanguagechange.,C.Englishhaschangedgreatlyinthepasthundredsofyears.D.ThedifferencesbetweenBEandAEareveryeasytonotice.10.What'stheproperattitudeofBritishobserverstoEnglishdevelopmentinAmerica?A.Grateful.B.DoubtfulC.Negative.D.Favorable.11.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheWaytoTellBEfromAECorrectly.B.HowAmericaSavedOld-fashionedEnglish.C.HowBritainGavetheEnglishLanguageNewLife.D.TheDevelopmentofEnglishinDifferentCountries.【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述美式英语和英式英语的差异，以及在英语变化过程中，美式英语比较保守，保留了传统英式英语。【8题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Mostofthisolddebateconcernswords.”（大部分争议是有关单词。）“Sometimesitinvolvesspelling”（有时候涉及到拼写）“And,ofcourse,thequickestwaytotellaYankfromaBritisbypronunciation.”（并且，当然区分单词Brit和Yank，最快的方法就是发音。）这句话可知，第一段这几个问题主要是说英式和美式英语差异在单词，拼写和发音方面。这是为了引出下文差异的原因，即美式英语比较保守，英式英语较创新，所以第一段的问题是引出文章主题。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inreality,Americahasoftenbeentheconservativeone,andBritaintheinnovator.”可知，事实上，美国对语言的改变比较保守。故选B项。10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话“InsteadofcomplainingaboutAmericanisms,Britishobserverscouldsaythankstotheoldcolonies(殖民地)forkeepingtraditionalEnglishsafe.”可知，英国评论员对于美国保留英国的传统英语而说感谢，而不是抱怨。A.Grateful感谢的；B.Doubtful怀疑的；C.Negative消极的；D.Favorable有利的。故选A项。【11题详解】,主旨大意题。综合全文可知，第一段讲述美式英语和英式英语的差异；第二段讲述了英语发展过程中，美国是比较保守的，而英国是创新的；第三段用具体例子说明美国在英语使用方面是比较保守的；最后一段讲述美国英语虽然有所创新，但这是语言发展的趋势，对于美国人来说，还是乐于引进英国传统文化。所以总体而言，文章主要讲述了美式英语比较保守，保留了传统英式英语。故选B项。DChinesescientistshavecreatedtheworld'sfirstlight-basedquantum(量子)computer,calledJiuzhang,openinganeweraofquantumcomputation.It'sabreakthroughinthefieldafterGooglecompleteditsquantumcomputerlastyear.Comparedwithtoday'sbestsupercomputers,Jiuzhangcancalculate100,000billiontimesfaster.Forexample,ittakesJiuzhang200secondstoperformGaussianbosonsampling(高斯玻色取样问题),anextremelychallengingcalculation,whilethefastestclassicalsupercomputer,Fugaku,wouldneedabout600millionyearstocompletethesametask.Quantumcomputerscantakecomputationalshortcuts(捷径)whensimulating(模拟)extremelycomplexscenarios(场景),whereasconventionalcomputershavetofindasolutionstepbystep,takingsignificantlymoretimeintheprocess.Quantummachines'amazingcomputingpowerarisesfromtheirbasicbuildingblocks,calledquantumbits,orqubits,accordingtotheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina.Usually,classicalcomputershandledatainbinary(二进制的)bits,presentingdataaseither0sorls.However,quantumcomputersprocessdatausingqubits,whichcanbeidentifiedas0s,1soreverythinginbetween.Asaresult,asthenumberofqubitsincreases,thecomputingabilityofquantumcomputersincreasestoo.Withadvantagesovertraditionalcomputers,quantumcomputershaveawiderangeofapplications.ThecalculationscarriedoutbyJiuzhangcanpotentiallybeappliedtomachinelearning,quantumchemistryandgraphtheory,accordingtoPanJianwei,akeyresearcherbehindJiuzhang.AccordingtoPan,quantumcomputinghasalreadybecomeafiercecompetitiongroundamongtheUnitedStates,Europe,andotherdevelopedregions.“Thefeat(壮举)cements(巩固)China'spositioninthefirstechelon(梯队)ofnationsinquantumcomputing,”theuniversitysaidinanewsrelease.Jiuzhangiscurrentlyonlyprogrammedtodobosonsampling.“Inthenearfuture,scientistsmay,increaseJiuzhang'spossibleoutputstates-akeyindicatorofcomputingpower,”LuChaoyang,anotherkeyresearcherbehindJjuzhang,toldChinaDaily.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiuzhang?A.Itisthefirsttotakeadvantageofquantumcomputation.B.Itcalculates100,000timesfasterthanFugaku.C.ItisthefastesttoperformGaussianbosonsampling.D.IttookChinesescientistsayeartocreatethecomputer.13.WhatmakesJiuzhan'scomputingpowersuperiortoclassicalcomputers?A.Thewayitdealswithdata.B.Thenumberofbitsituses.C.Thecommonmaterialsituses.D.Theconventionalsolution.14.Whatdoparagraphs5and6mainlytalkabout?A.Thecurrentsituationofquantumcomputing.B.ThesignificanceofthecreationofJiuzhang.C.Futureresearchonquantumcomputing.D.WhatneedstobeimprovedwithJiuzhang.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Toinformreadersofanewinvention.B.Toexplainhowquantumcomputerswork.C.Tocomparedifferentsupercomputers.DTointroducethedevelopmentofcomputers.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了中国科学家创造了世界上第一台名为“九章”的光量子计算机，开启了量子计算的新纪元。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Forexample,ittakesJiuzhang200secondstoperformGaussianbosonsampling(高斯玻色取样问题),anextremelychallengingcalculation,whilethefastestclassicalsupercomputer,Fugaku,wouldneedabout600millionyearstocompletethesametask.”（。例如，九章需要200秒来完成高斯玻色取样问题，这是一个极具挑战性的计算，而最快的经典超级计算机Fugaku需要大约6亿年才能完成同样的任务。）由此可知，九章高在,完成斯玻色取样问题时最快的。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“However,quantumcomputersprocessdatausingqubits,whichcanbeidentifiedas0s,1soreverythinginbetween.Asaresult,asthenumberofqubitsincreases,thecomputingabilityofquantumcomputersincreasestoo.”（然而，量子计算机使用量子比特处理数据，量子比特可以被识别为0、1或介于0、1和1之间的任何东西。因此，随着量子比特数的增加，量子计算机的计算能力也随之提高。）由此可知，是九章处理数据的方式计算能力使其优于其它计算机。故选A项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Withadvantagesovertraditionalcomputers,quantumcomputershaveawiderangeofapplications.ThecalculationscarriedoutbyJiuzhangcanpotentiallybeappliedtomachinelearning,quantumchemistryandgraphtheory,accordingtoPanJianwei,akeyresearcherbehindJiuzhang.”（与传统计算机相比，量子计算机有着广泛的应用。九章的主要研究人员潘建伟表示，九章进行的计算有可能应用于机器学习、量子化学和图论。）根据第六段“ThefeatcementChina'spositioninthefirstechelonofnationsinquantumcomputing”（这一壮举巩固了中国在量子计算领域第一梯队的地位）由此可知，第五段和第六段主要在说创造九章的重要意义。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Chinesescientistshavecreatedtheworld'sfirstlight-basedquantum(量子)computer,calledJiuzhang,openinganeweraofquantumcomputation.It'sabreakthroughinthefieldafterGooglecompleteditsquantumcomputerlastyear.”（中国科学家创造了世界上第一台基于光的量子计算机，称为九章，开启了量子计算的新时代。这是谷歌去年完成量子计算机后，这个领域的又一个突破）由此可知，短文的主要目的是告知读者一项新发明。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，共15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AlexanderMilesisanAfrican-Americaninventorwhoislargelyknownforhiscontributiontotheelevatorindustry.HewasawardedaUSpatentin1887forhisdesignfortheelevator.Thedesignallowedthedoorsoftheelevatortoopenandcloseautomaticallywhenitstoppedonafloor.____16____,AlexanderMiles’inventionwasanimprovementonthepreviousmodelsoftheelevator,mainlyduetosafetyconcerns.Oldermodelsoftheelevatorwouldnotcloseautomaticallybeforetheelevatorstartedtomove.____17____Therewereaccidentswherepeoplewouldfalloutoftheelevatorandintotheshaft(电梯通道).____18____Hisdeviceworkedbyattachingaflexiblebelttotheelevatorcage.Whenthebeltbumpedagainstdrumsthatwereplaceddirectlyaboveandunderthefloors,itcausedtheelevatordoorstoopenandclose.Thedoorswerefurtheroperatedthroughaseriesofleversandpulleys(滑轮).Sometimes,peoplemightmistakeAlexanderMilesforinventingtheelevatordoorsystem.____19____ThefirstpatentforelevatordoorswasgiventoJohnW.Meaker.Mr.Meakerwasawardedthepatentforthecreationoftheelevatordoorsystemin1874,13yearsbeforeMr.Miles’patent.Despitetheconfusion,AlexanderMilesmadeahugecontributiontotheelevator.____20____Hispatentforautomatedopeningandclosingdoorsisstillusedbymostelevatorstoday.A.Actually,it’snotthecase.B.Theyarelocatedbelowandabovethedoors.C.Beforehisdesign,thedoorshadtobeopenedbyhand.D.Thiscouldbedangerousifsomeoneforgottoclosethedoor.E.Modern-dayelevatordoorsarestilldesignedbasedonhisbasicprinciples.F.Atthistime,Mileswasinspiredtoworkonelevatordoormechanisms.G.Miles’improvementtotheelevatorwasbasicallyamatterofstructure.【答案】16.C17.D18.G19.A20.E【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了亚历山大·迈尔斯对电梯行业的贡献，他的自动开门和关门的专利至今仍被大多数电梯使用。【16题详解】根据上文“Thedesignallowedthedoorsoftheelevatortoopenandcloseautomaticallywhenitstoppedonafloor.(当电梯停在地板上时，该设计允许电梯门自动打开和关闭。)”可知，这里介绍的是亚历山大·迈尔斯设计的电梯的优点，C项意为“在他的设计之前，门必须用手打开。”选项内容与上文形成对比，凸显了亚历山大·迈尔斯设计的电梯和以前的电梯相比，有很大的进步。故选C。,17题详解】根据下文“Therewereaccidentswherepeoplewouldfalloutoftheelevatorandintotheshaft(电梯通道).(有人从电梯里掉到电梯通道里的事故)”可知，这里介绍的是以前的电梯是存在危险的，会发生人从电梯里掉到电梯通道里的事故，D项意为“如果有人忘记关门，这可能很危险。”，选项内容能够引起下文，如果有人忘记关门，这可能很危险，会发生人从电梯里掉到电梯通道里的事故。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“Hisdeviceworkedbyattachingaflexiblebelttotheelevatorcage.(他的装置通过在电梯轿厢上系一条柔韧的皮带来工作)”可知，这里介绍的是迈尔斯设计的电梯的工作原理，G项意为“迈尔斯对电梯的改进基本上是结构问题。”选项内容能够引起下文，下文讲述的正是迈尔斯是如何对电梯进行改进的。故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Sometimes,peoplemightmistakeAlexanderMilesforinventingtheelevatordoorsystem.(有时，人们可能会误认为亚历山大·迈尔斯发明了电梯门系统。)”可知，人们误认为亚历山大·迈尔斯发明了电梯门系统，根据下文“ThefirstpatentforelevatordoorswasgiventoJohnW.Meaker.”（电梯门的第一项专利授予了JohnW.Meaker。）可知，发明电梯门的人是JohnW.Meaker，A项意为“事实并非如此。”选项内容能够起到承上启下的作用，人们认为迈尔斯发明了电梯门系统，但事实并非如此，电梯门的第一项专利授予了JohnW.Meaker。故选A。【20题详解】根据下文“Hispatentforautomatedopeningandclosingdoorsisstillusedbymostelevatorstoday.(他的自动开门和关门的专利至今仍被大多数电梯使用)”可知，这里介绍的是迈尔斯的自动开门和关门的专利至今仍被大多数电梯使用，E项意为“现代的电梯门仍然是根据他的基本原理设计的。”选项内容能够引起下文，都讲述了迈尔斯的专利对现代电梯设计的影响。故选E。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节完形填空（共20小题：每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡，上将该项涂黑。Oneday,inancientGreece,thegreatphilosopherSocrateswaswalkingleisurelyaroundacommunitygarden.Aneighborwalkeduptohimandsaid,“Youareneverinamillionyearsgoingto,____21____whatIjustheardaboutoneofourneighbors…”“Wait,”thegreatwiseman____22____.“Beforeyoucontinuewiththisstory,yourwordsmust____23____thetriplefilter(三重过滤)test.”Theneighborwas____24____andstaredathimwithablankexpression.Socratestoldherthatthefirstfilterwastocheckthe____25____ofthestory.Thesecondfilterwasto____26____whetherwhatshewasabouttosaywasgoodanyway.Beforehecouldfinishhis____27____,Socratesaskedthewoman,“Iswhatyouwanttoshareuseful?”Theneighborthoughtforamomentandthensaid,“No,I____28____itisnotreally…”“So,doyouwantto____29____somethingwithmethatmaynotbetrue,isprobablynotgood,andisnot_____30_____?”Socratesasked.Theneighborwordlessly._____31_____.“Well,youhavenogoodreasontotellmethis_____32_____,andyouhavenogoodreasontobelieveityourself,”Socratesadded,astheneighborwalkedaway_____33_____.Inreality,everysingleday,we_____34_____muchtimeandenergyingossip(流言蜚语).Especiallynowadays,manyofus_____35_____socialmediainordertoknowsomethingthatisfarfromwhatistrue,goodanduseful.Butthemind-numbinggossip_____36_____wastesourtimeandevendoesharmtous.Sodon'tfallintothe_____37_____ofbeingdisturbedbygossip.Instead,weshouldtakeSocrates'_____38_____andsimplyfocusonsomethingthatistrue,good,anduseful.Itwas_____39_____topeopleacouplethousandyearsago,andI_____40_____youthatitcontinuestoworkwellformanypeopletoday.21.A.observeB.discussC.noticeD.believe22.A.interruptedB.pausedC.continuedD.repeated23.A.witnessB.passC.markD.illustrate24.A.disappointedB.kind-heartedC.confusedD.excited25.A.valueB.theoryC.appearanceD.truth26.A.lookthroughB.findoutC.talkaboutD.takeout27.A.questionB.debateC.lessonD.task28.A.indicateB.confirmC.understandD.suppose29.A.leaveB.compareC.shareD.connect30.A.commonB.advantageousC.attractiveD.possible31.A.noddedB.ignoredC.stoppedD.cried32.A.jokeB.lieC.legendD.story,33.A.secretlyB.confidentlyC.embarrassedlyD.cautiously34.A.turnB.investC.introduceD.push35.A.makeuseofB.makeupforC.takecareofD.takenoticeof36.A.alsoB.onlyC.stillD.ever37.A.promiseB.battleC.trapD.expectation38.A.adviceB.proverbC.requestD.proof39.A.beneficialB.safeC.closeD.familiar40.A.encourageB.recommendC.remindD.guarantee【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.C28.D29.C30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A36.B37.C38.A39.A40.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要通过哲学家苏格拉底的故事，告诉大家，不要把时间浪费在传播流言上。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个邻居走到他跟前说：“即使一百万年，你也不会相信我刚刚听到的关于我们邻居的事……”A.observe观察；B.discuss讨论；C.notice注意；D.believe相信。根据第三段中“Inreality,everysingleday,weinvestmuchtimeandenergyingossip(流言蜚语).（事实上，我们每天投入大量的时间和精力在流言蜚语上。）”以及接下来邻居要说的内容可知，是在传播流言，邻居要说的是你不会相信，故选择D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个伟大的智者打断道：“等一下，在你继续讲这个故事之前，你的话必须要经过三重过滤测试。”A.interrupted打断；B.paused暂停；C.continued继续；D.repeated重复。根据上文中的“YouareneverinamillionyearsgoingtobelievewhatIjustheardaboutoneofourneighbors…（即使一百万年你也不会相信我刚刚听到的关于我们邻居的事…）”以及苏格拉底所说的“wait（等一下）”可知，这里说的是苏格拉底打断了邻居说的话，故选择A项。【23题详解】,考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.witness见证；B.pass通过；C.mark标示；D.illustrate说明。根据下文中的“thetriplefilter(三重过滤)test（三重过滤测试）”可知，pass“通过测试”符合题意，故选择B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：邻居很困惑，用一种茫然的表情盯着他看。A.disappointed失望的；B.kind-hearted热心的；C.confused困惑的；D.excited兴奋的。根据下文中“staredathimwithablankexpression.（用一种茫然的表情盯着他看）”可知，上文说的是confused“困惑的”，故选择C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏格拉底告诉他第一个过滤器就是核实故事的真实性。A.value价值；B.theory理论；C.appearance外貌；D.truth真实性。根据下文““So,doyouwanttosharesomethingwithmethatmaynotbetrue,isprobablynotgood,andisnotadvantageous?”Socratesasked.（“所以，你想要与我分享那些可能不是真的，可能不好，以及没有好处的事吗？”苏格拉底问道）”可知，这三重过滤器指的的是，是否真实，是否是好事，以及是不是有用，所以第一个过滤器指的就是故事的真实性，故选择D项。【26题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二个过滤器就是要找出他要的说的话是否是好事。A.lookthrough浏览；B.findout找出，发现；C.talkabout谈论；D.takeout除去，拿出。根据下文“whetherwhatshewasabouttosaywasgoodanyway.（他要说的是否是好事）”可知，这里只有findout“找出”符合题意，故选择B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在结束他的这一课之前，苏格拉底问这个女士：“你想与我分享的事情有用吗？”A.question问题；B.debate辩论；C.lesson课程；D.task任务。“Beforeyoucontinuewiththisstory,yourwordsmustpassthetriplefilter(三重过滤)test.（在你继续讲这个故事之前，你的话必须要经过三重过滤测试）”可知，苏格拉底是想通过这三重过滤器，给这位女士上一课，故选择C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位邻居想了一会儿，然后说：“不，我认为这不是真地……”A.indicate表明；B.confirm证实；C.understand理解；D.suppose认为。根据上文“Theneighborthoughtforamoment（这位邻居想了一会儿）”可知，后边是在表述自己的看法，,suppose“认为”符合题意，故选择D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏格拉底说：“所以，你想要分享一些可能不是真的，也不是好事，又没有什么用的事情吗？”A.leave离开；B.compare比较；C.share分享；D.connect连接。根据上文“Iswhatyouwanttoshareuseful?（你想要分享的事情有用吗？）”可知，这里说的是分享，故选择C项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.common普通的；B.advantageous有利的；C.attractive吸引人的；D.possible可能的。根据上文“Iswhatyouwanttoshareuseful?（你想要分享的事情有用吗？）”可知，第三重过滤器就是这件事情是否有用，故选择B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居沉默地点了点头。A.nodded点头；B.ignored忽视；C.stopped停止；D.cried哭。根据上文的问题及修饰词“wordlessly（无言地，沉默地）”可知，nodded“点头”符合题意，故选择A项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当邻居尴尬地离开时，苏格拉底补充道：“你没有充分的理由要告诉我这个故事，你也没有理由相信这个故事。”A.joke玩笑；B.lie谎言；C.legend传奇；D.story故事。根据上文“Beforeyoucontinuewiththisstory（在你继续讲这个故事之前）”可知，这里是呼应上文的故事，故选择D项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.secretly秘密地；B.confidently自信地；C.embarrassedly尴尬地；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据上文苏格拉底所说的话“Well,youhavenogoodreasontotellmethisstoryandyouhavenogoodreasontobelieveityourself（你没有理由要告诉我这个故事，你也没有理由相信这个故事）”可知，邻居是尴尬地离开了，故选择C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我们每天投入很多的时间和精力在流言蜚语上。A.turn转弯；B.invest投入（时间或精力）；C.introduce介绍；D.push推。根据设空后的“timeandenergy（时间和精力）”可知，invest“投入”符合题意，故选择B项。【35题详解】,考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：特别是现在，我们很多人利用社交媒体去了解那些不是真的，好的，和有用的东西。A.makeuseof利用；B.makeupfor补偿；C.takecareof照顾；D.takenoticeof注意到。根据设空后的“socialmedia（社交媒体）”以及“inordertoknowsomethingthatisfarfromwhatistrue,goodanduseful.（去了解那些不是真的，好的，有用的事情）”可知，这里说的是使用社交媒体，故选择A项。【36题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但令人麻木的闲言只会浪费我们的时间，甚至是会对我们造成伤害。A.also也；B.only仅仅，只是；C.still仍然；D.ever曾经。根据前后句句意可知，这里是递进关系，结合主语“gossip（流言蜚语）”可知，说的是流言只是在浪费时间，故选择B项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以不要陷入被流言打扰的困境。A.promise承诺；B.battle斗争；C.trap困境；D.expectation期盼。根据下文“beingdisturbedbygossip（被流言打扰）”可知，这里使用trap“困境”符合题意，故选择C项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们应该采纳苏格拉底的建议，仅仅去关注一些真的，好的，有用的事情。A.advice建议；B.proverb格言；C.request要求；D.proof证据。根据下文“simplyfocusonsomethingthatistrue,good,anduseful（仅仅去关注那些真的，好的，有用的事情）”可知，这里说的是建议，故选择A项。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它对几千年前的人们很有益，我向你保证，它今天仍然对很多人都起作用。A.beneficial有益的；B.safe安全的；C.close密切的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据下文“itcontinuestoworkwellformanypeopletoday.（今天它仍然对很多人都起作用）”可知，上文说的是对人们有益的，故选择A项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.encourage鼓励；B.recommend推荐；C.remind提醒；D.guarantee保证。根据下文所说“itcontinuestoworkwellformanypeopletoday.（今天它仍然对很多人都起作用）”是作者认定的事情，故选择D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cultureisthewideningofthespiritandthemind.____41____(start)fromSept.5,a,multi-stationexhibitionfeaturingtheculturalheritageofEuropeisopentothepublicinBeijing.Layingout38culturalroutescrossingthecontinentandbeyond,itisagooddisplayofhistory,economy,art,andwayoflife.Co-organizedbytheEUDelegationtoChinaandEU____42____(nation)InstitutesforCulture,theexhibition____43____(present)artwork,pictures,documentsandaudiovisualcontent.Aftertheopeningceremony,ChinaDaily____44____(talk)withtheEuropeanUnion'sambassadortoChinatolearnaboutthevalueofculturaldiversityandhowitstrengthenspeople'sancestralroots.AsaSinologist,Chapuis,theambassador,hasintroducedmanyChinesewriters____45____France.HeisalsothefirsttotranslateafullpoetrycollectionbyDuFu.Inhisopening____46____(speak)fortheexhibition,Chapuisdiscussedtheconnectionbetweeneducationandtravel,aconceptsharedinbothEuropeanandChinese____47____(culture)."Confucius(孔子)lefthishometown,____48____countryofLu,andtravelledfromstatetostatetospreadhisideas,"hesaid."Thereisnopersonalgrowthwithouttravelling.Andinaglobalizedworld,itiseven____49____(important).""AlltheChinesetraveltoday.Theyareonthepathofdiscovering._____50_____theyareabroad,theydiscovertheyarenotonlyfromXi'an,BeijingorTianjin—theyarefromChina."【答案】41.Starting42.National43.presents44.talked45.to46.speech47.cultures48.the49.moreimportant50.When/If/Once/As【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了由欧盟驻华代表团和欧盟国家文化研究院在北京联合举办的以欧洲文化遗产为特点的多站文化展。作为一名汉学家，欧盟驻华大使Chapuis对《中国日报》记者表示了解文化多样性的价值，以及讨论了教育和旅行之间的联系。【41题详解】考查现在分词作状语。句意：从九月五号开始,，一个以欧洲文化遗产为特点的多站文化展在北京向公众开放。句子谓语动词为isopen，故start做非谓语，且逻辑主语exhibition与start是主动关系，要用现在分词，且句首字母需大写，故填Starting。【42题详解】考查形容词作定语。句意：展览由欧盟驻华代表团和欧盟国家文化研究院共同主办，展出了艺术品、图片、文件和视听内容。此处用形容词作定语，修饰Institutes，且专有名词需大写，故填National。【43题详解】考查动词时态。句意：展览由欧盟驻华代表团和欧盟国家文化研究院共同主办，展出了艺术品、图片、文件和视听内容。根据第二句isopen可知，展览仍在展出，所以这里用一般现在时，故填presents。【44题详解】考查动词时态。句意：开幕式结束后，《中国日报》采访了欧盟驻华大使，交流了关于了解文化多样性的价值，以及它如何加强人们对根祖文化的认识。本句为一般过去时，故填talked。【45题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：作为一名汉学家，欧盟驻华大使Chapuis已经向法国人介绍了很多中国作家。introduce...to…为固定搭配，“把……介绍给……”，故填to。【46题详解】考查名词。句意：在展览的开幕致辞中，Chapuis讨论了教育和旅行之间的联系，这是欧洲和中国文化共同的概念。此处填名词，openingspeech意为“开幕词”作in的宾语，故填speech。【47题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：在展览的开幕致辞中，Chapuis讨论了教育和旅行之间的联系，这是欧洲和中国文化共同的概念。根据句意可知，欧洲和中国文化是两种文化，所以用复数，故填cultures。【48题详解】考查冠词。句意：孔子离开了他的家乡鲁国，周游列国来传播他的思想。of表示所属关系，所以country是特指，鲁国，故填the。【49题详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：在这个全球化的世界，这点更加重要。根据句意，以及空前的even可知，此处用形容词的比较级，故填moreimportant。,【50题详解】考查时间或条件状语从句的连词。句意：如果他们在国外/当他们在国外/一旦他们早国外，就会发现，他们不仅来自西安、北京或天津，而是来自全中国。根据句意，分句可译为“如果他们在国外/当他们在国外/一旦他们早国外”，因此，空处缺时间或条件状语从句引导词，且句首字母需大写，故可填When/If/Once/As。第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。March11,2011wasaholidayinJapan.Everythingwasgoingonlikeusual.Mostpeoplewereathomewhiletherecameanextremeloudsoundlikethunder.Next,people'shousesbegantoshake.Buildingscrackedandwaterpipesbursting.InthetownofFukushima(福岛),themainstreetwentupintotheair,tenfeetholesopenedupintheground,andbuildingsfellintoruins.Peoplewereshockingbytheunexpectedquake.Someranupanddownthestreet,whileothersweretrappedinthebuildingswerelookingouttheirwindowsforhelp.AnearthquakethathitJapanwasoneofthestrongestdisasterintheworld.Manytownsweredestroyedintheearthquakeandagreatnumberofpeoplewaskilled.Mostseriously,Fukushimanuclearaccidenthappened.【答案】1.like→as2.while→when3.extreme→extremely4.bursting→burst5.shocking→shocked6.去掉were7.out后接of8.An→The,9.disaster→disasters10.was→were【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，短文叙述了2011年3月11日日本发生了一场可怕的地震的情况。【详解】1.考查固定短语。句意：一切照常进行。asusual“通常”为固定搭配。故like改为as。2.考查连词。句意：大多数人都在家里，这时突然传来一声雷鸣般的巨响。根据句意可知，这时突然传来一声雷鸣般的巨响，连词为when“正在那时/这时（突然）”。故while改为when。3.考查副词。句意：大多数人都在家里，这时突然传来一声雷鸣般的巨响。副词extremely修饰形容词loud。故extreme改为extremely。4.考查时态。句意：建筑物破裂，水管爆裂。and连接两个句子，时态一致，都用一般过去时。故bursting改为burst。5.考查形容词。句意：人们被突如其来的地震震惊了。作表语，主语为people，所以形容词为ed结尾的形容词。故shocking改为shocked。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人在街上跑来跑去，而另一些被困在大楼里的人从窗户向外寻求帮助。本句已有谓语werelookingoutof，所以去掉were，用trappedin（过去分词）作后置定语修饰others。故去掉were。7.考查介词。句意：一些人在街上跑来跑去，而另一些被困在大楼里的人从窗户向外寻求帮助。lookoutof“向外看”为固定短语。故out后接of。8.考查冠词。句意：袭击日本的地震是世界上最严重的灾难之一。earthquake被定语从句修饰，表示特指，应用定冠词the。故An改为The。9.考查名词复数。句意：袭击日本的地震是世界上最严重的灾难之一。oneof后接名词复数。故disaster改为disasters。10.考查主谓一致。句意：许多城镇在地震中被毁，许多人丧生。主语为agreatnumberofpeople，谓语动词为复数形式。故was改为were。第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.假如你是李华，上周日在地铁站捡到了英国人Steven的护照。请你用英语给你市某英文报社编辑写一封信，内容包括：1.简述事件过程；2.交代护照相关信息；,3.委托报社刊登招领启事。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已写好，不计入总字数。参考词汇：招领启事lostandfoundnoticeDeareditor,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】Deareditor,I’mwritingtotellyouapieceofurgentinformation.IpickedupapassportlastSundayinthesubwaystationwhenIwastakingaridehome.TherewasnobodyaroundwhenIfounditonawaitingbench.TheownerofitisStevenwhocomesfromEngland.Ithinkhemustbefeelinganxiousaboutthepassport,butIhavenoideahowtoreturnittohim.SoIneedyourhelp.Iwishyoucouldpostalostandfoundnoticeonyournewspapertotellhimaboutthemissingpassportsothathecangetitback.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddomethefavour.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给报社编辑写信，委托刊登招领启事。【详解】1.词汇积累地铁：subway→underground担心的，焦虑的：anxious→concerned→worried不知道：havenoidea→don’tknow来自于：comefrom=befrom,2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：I’mwritingtotellyouapieceofurgentinformation.IpickedupapassportlastSundayinthesubwaystationwhenIwastakingaridehome.拓展句：I’mwritingtotellyouapieceofurgentinformationthatIpickedupapassportlastSundayinthesubwaystationwhenIwastakingaridehome.【点睛】[高分句型1]IpickedupapassportlastSundayinthesubwaystationwhenIwastakingaridehome.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）[高分句型2]TheownerofitisStevenwhocomesfromEngland.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
