Unit5Music李仕才一、阅读理解JosephGoldbergerwasadoctorfortheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServiceandhewasanadvocateforscientificandsocialrecognitionofthelinksbetweenpovertyanddisease.In1914，GoldbergerwasaskedbyUSSurgeonGeneralRupertBluetostudyaskindiseasethatwaskillingthousandsofpeopleintheSouth.Thediseasewaspellagra(糙皮病)．GoldbergertraveledtothestateofMississippiwheremanypeoplesufferedfrompellagra.Hestudiedthevictimsandtheirfamilies.Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife.Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother，butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.Hereceivedpermissionfromthestategovernortotestthisideaataprison.Prisonerswereofferedpardonsiftheytookpart.Onegroupofprisonersreceivedtheirusualfoods，mostlycornproducts.Asecondgroupatemeat，freshvegetablesanddrankmilk.Membersofthefirstgroupdevelopedpellagra.Thesecondgroupdidnot.ButsomemedicalresearchersrefusedtoacceptGoldberger'sidea.FortheSouth，pellagrawasmorethansimplyamedicalproblem.Therewereotherthings，includingSouthernpride.SoGoldbergerhadhimselfinjected(注射)withbloodfromapersonwithpellagra.Healsotookliquidfromthenoseandthroatofapellagrapatientandputthemintohisownnoseandthroat.Heevenswallowedpillsthatcontainedskinfrompellagrapatients.Anassistantalsotookpartintheexperiments.SodidGoldberger'swife.Noneofthemgotsick.JosephGoldbergerdiedofcancerin1929.Hewasfiftyfiveyearsold.Severalyearslater，researchersdiscoveredtheexactcauseofpellagra：alackofvitaminB3knownasniacin.1．WhowereeasytargetsofpellagraaccordingtoGoldberger?A．PeopleinAmerica.B．Peopleputintoprison.C．Peoplehavingapoordiet.D．Peopletouchingpellagrapatients.2．WhatdidGoldbergerwanttoprovebytheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4?8\nA．Pellagrawasn'tsoterrible.B．Pellagradidn'tspread.C．Pellagracouldbecured.D．Pellagrawasn'tamedicalproblem.3．WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeGoldberger?A．Devotedanddetermined.B．Selflessandfriendly.C．Patientandexpert.D．Stubbornandenthusiastic.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生JosephGoldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。JosephGoldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。【难句分析】Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother，butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.分析：本句是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。that从句中，but连接两个并列的谓语。译文：这位医生渐渐相信这种病不是传染性的，而是与食物有关。1．C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife...thediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother，butwasinsteadrelatedtofood”，再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在JosephGoldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。2．B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。3．A 考查推理判断。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选A。二、单句语法填空1．Themeetingdidn'tbreak________untilnoon.答案：up breakup“结束；解散”。2．Sheburiedherheadunderthecovers,________(pretend)tobeasleep.8\n答案：pretending 此处She与pretend之间是主动关系，且pretend表示的动作几乎与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词pretending作伴随状语。3．Theprocessis________(pain),buttheresultisdesirable.Remember:nopains,nogains.答案：painful 此处形容词painful“痛苦的”，作表语。4．Shewasefficientand________(rely),sowealllikedherverymuch.答案：reliable 此处形容词reliable“可靠的”，作表语。5．Hewasfullof________(confident)thathewouldbeadmittedtothefamousuniversity.答案：confidence fullofconfidence“充满信心”。6．Itishardformigrantworkers________(earn)aliving,especiallyduringthepresentfinancialcrisis.答案：toearn 此处toearnaliving是不定式短语作主语，句首It是形式主语。7．Theoldarevery________(attach)tooldcustomsandhabits.答案：attached beattachedto“依恋……”。8．Tomandhistwinsistersaregoingtoputona________(perform)tomorrowevening.答案：performance putonaperformance“演出”。9．Tobegreat,youmustbesmart,confident,and,________all,honest.答案：above aboveall为固定短语，意为“最重要；首先”。10．(2022·北京高考)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.答案：whose 本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，句子还原后的表达是oneofitspurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation，这里把作定语的人称代词its改为whose，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，指代前面的名词theWorldFoodProgramme，因此填whose。三、完形填空KobeBryant,asuperbasketballstar,announcedthathewouldretireattheendofthe2022－16seasonviaaletterpoem.Intheletter,he__1__themomenthestartedrollinghisdad’stubesocksandshooting__2__game-winningshots,indicatinghisdeeploveforbasketball.“ThisseasonisallIhavelefttogive,”the37-year-oldwrote,“Myheartcantakethepounding.Mymindcan__3__thegrind(苦差)butmy__4__knowsit’s8\ntimetosaygoodbye.”AstheonlysonofJoeBryant,aformerNBAplayer,Bryantwascrazyaboutbasketballandstarted__5__inat6,andhisfavoriteteamgrowingupwastheLakers.Bryantearnednational__6__duringanamazinghighschoolcareerandhisbasketballskillswouldhaveensured__7__toanycollegehechose,buthedecidedtogodirectlyintotheNBA.Hefinallymadeitandwas__8__outofhighschoolin1996andwasthentradedtotheLakers,forwhichhehasplayedhisentirecareer.__9__,Bryantplayedlimitedminutes,butastheseasoncontinued,hebegantoseesomemoreplayingtimeandinhissecondseason,hebegantoshowmoreofhisabilitiesasatalentedyoungguard.The1998－99season__10__Bryant’sappearanceasapremierguardintheleague.__11__,evenatanearlystageofhiscareer,sportswriterswerecomparinghisskillstothoseofMichaelJordanandMagicJohnson.TherearealwaysdifferentinterpretationsofBryant,makinghimthemost__12__figureinmodernsports,acombinationofheroandvillain(反面人物).Hereceivedcriticismforgettinghis__13__inthegames,completelyneglectinghisteammates;hewassuspended__14__deliberatelybreakingrules;hewasevenchargedbythecourtwithsexassault.__15__,with17NBAAll-Starselections,fiveNBAchampionshipswiththeLakers,twoOlympicgoldmedals,Kobehasbroughthisfans__16__memories.Hisbestdaysarelong__17__himindeed,butthewayheapproachesthegameaswellaslifeisalwaysglamorous.We’vealwaysknown,and__18__arementallyprepared,thatonedayKobeBryantwillnotbe__19__.Yethisretirementnotestillcaughtusoffguard.Itsimply__20__whenfarewellwordsareuttered(说出)fromoneoftheall-timegreatsinbasketball.语篇解读：文章主要讲述科比退役一事，并由此介绍了科比的详细情况。1.A.rememberedB.recalledC.recordedD.retold【答案】B【解析】recall意为“回忆”，符合语境，即指他回忆当年的情况。2.A.imaginaryB.originalC.practicalD.8\ncontemporary【答案】A【解析】imaginary想象的；original原始的，原有的；practical实际的；contemporary现代的，当代的，同一时代的。根据该空前面的“rollinghisDad’stubesocksandshooting”可知，他当年是用他爸爸的圆筒短袜当球打的，所以只能算是想象中的比赛。3.A.treatB.operateC.competeD.handle【答案】D【解析】handle意为“处理；应付”，符合语境，即“我”的思想上可以受得了这种苦差。4.A.coachB.soulC.bodyD.teammates【答案】C【解析】body与前面的mind相对应，即思想上承受得了这个苦差，但是身体上承受不了，要退役了。5.A.involvingB.divingC.participatingD.throwing【答案】B【解析】divein为固定搭配，意为“开始(从事)”，符合语境，即他从6岁开始打球。6.A.confirmationB.recognitionC.realizationD.recommendation【答案】B7.A.permissionB.occupationC.admissionD.submission【答案】C【解析】admission在这里意为“录取”，即凭借他篮球方面的技能，他可以被任何一所他所选择的大学录取。8.A.draftedB.removedC.substitutedD.employed【答案】A8\n【解析】draft本义为“征募”，在这里表示“被选中”，符合语境，即他被NBA选中。9.A.PreviouslyB.FrequentlyC.BasicallyD.Initially【答案】D【解析】initially意为“开始；最初”。起初，Bryant锻炼有限的时间，后来慢慢增加练习时间。previously先前地；frequently频繁地，经常地；basically基本地。10.A.representedB.symbolizedC.markedD.reflected【答案】C【解析】mark...as...为固定搭配，意为“把……标志为……”，符合语境，即1998~1999年是Bryant事业突飞猛进的时期。11.A.InadditionB.InfactC.ThereforeD.Then【答案】B【解析】根据上下文内容可知，用infact承接。事实上，早在他的事业刚起步时，有关报道者便将他的技巧与乔丹等相提并论了。12.A.outstandingB.ridiculousC.controversialD.honourable【答案】C【解析】outstanding杰出的；ridiculous可笑的；controversial有争议的；authentic真实的。根据后半句中的“acombinationofheroandvillain”可知，他是一个有争议的人物，因此选C。13.A.wayB.scoresC.mannerD.benefit【答案】A【解析】getone’sway为固定短语，意为“随心所欲”，符合语境，即批评他打球没有团队合作精神，随心所欲、单打独斗。14.A.inresponsetoB.intermsofC.onaccountofD.intheabsenceof【答案】C【解析】onaccountof意为“因为”，符合语境，即他因为故意违规而被停赛。15.A.InsteadB.MeanwhileC.OtherwiseD.However【答案】D8\n16.A.boringB.disappointingC.shockingD.thrilling【答案】D【解析】boring枯燥无味的；disappointing令人失望的；shocking令人震惊的；thrilling刺激的，令人激动的。根据上下文可知，D项正确，即科比总给他的粉丝激动的感觉。17.A.aboveB.beforeC.behindD.beyond【答案】C【解析】他的辉煌已成过去。18.A.moreorlessB.soonerorlaterC.nowandthenD.byandby【答案】A【解析】moreorless意为“或多或少地”，符合语境。我们或多或少地在思想上做好了准备。soonerorlater迟早；nowandthen不时地；byandby不久以后。19.A.aroundB.hereC.thereD.about【答案】A20.A.worksB.hurtsC.suffersD.separates【答案】B【解析】当科比说再见时，大家会感到心痛。根据句意可知，B项正确。四、单句改错1．Herdevotioninthejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.________________________________________________________答案：in→to devotion名词“奉献；热爱”常与to搭配。2．Helpinformofmoneywillbeverywelcome.________________________________________________________答案：in后加the intheformof“以……形式”。3．Thisisakindofflowerfamiliarwithmanyofus.________________________________________________________答案：with→to Sth.isfamiliartosb.“某物是某人所熟知的”。4．Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodof8\ntime.________________________________________________________答案：dreams后加of或about dreamof/about“梦想”。5．Heissodiligentthathenevergoesanywherewithabook.________________________________________________________答案：with→without never...without...是双重否定表达肯定含义的用法。8
