阅读理解(建议用时:25分钟)A体裁议论文题材禽流感的防治词数373Tiredness,coughing,arunnynoseandasorethroat—amongallsicknessesthereisprobablynonemorecommonthantheflu,whichweallgetnowandthen.However,birdfluisacompletelydifferentstory.Tenyearsago,theH5N1birdflusweptacross15countries,includingChina,withsufferersreportingchestpain,difficultybreathing,feverandseverecoughing.Morethan600peoplewereinfected,andabout60percentdied.NowanothertypeofbirdfluhitShanghaiandthreeneighboringprovinces,andthistimethevirusiscalledH7N9.BytheafternoonofApril11,thenewvirushadtakenninelivesoutof35infected,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.The“H”and“N”inthevirus’namereferstotwokindsofproteinsonthesurfaceofthevirus.Anychangeofthenumbersofthetwoproteinsindicatesanewmutation(变异).Mostofthemutationsonlyaffectbirds,suchaschickensandpigeons,anddon’tnormallyspreadtohumans.Butoncetheydo,theresultscanbedisastrous.“Anytimeananimalinfluenzaviruscrossestohumans,itisacauseforconcern,”MalikPeiris,virologist(病毒学家)attheUniversityofHongKong,toldNaturemagazine.TaketheSARSepidemic(传染病)10yearsagoasanexample.Thevirusbehindthediseaseisthoughttohavejumpedtohumansfromanimals.Theviruswasacomplete“stranger”tohumanbodies,whichhadn’tdevelopedanimmunityagainstit.ButthereissomethingmoreaboutthenewH7N9birdflu.UnliketheH5N1birdflu,whichcausesseveresicknessinbirds,theH7N9hasbeenevolvingundertheradar(悄悄地)sinceittravelsbetweenbirdswithoutcausingnoticeableillness.Thatmakesitdifficulttokeeptrackofthedisease.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’ssofarnosignthatthevirusisspreadingfrompersontoperson.Butsincethereisnovaccineforthediseaseyet,theWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsthatyouwashyourhandsaftermeetingwithsickpeopleandbeforeandafteryoueat-7-\norpreparefood,andtheyalsosuggestavoidingcontactwithbirdsortheireggs.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.TheH5N1birdfluturnedouttohavesomethingtodowiththeSARSepidemic.B.Morethan600peopleacrosstheworlddiedfromtheH5N1birdflutenyearsago.C.Mostofthemutationsoftheproteinsinthebirdfluvirusareharmfultobothbirdsandhumans.D.Thename,H7N9birdflu,showsthattherehavebeennewmutationsoftheproteinsinthevirus.2.WiththeexampleoftheSARSepidemicinParagraph5,theauthorintendsto .A.introducewheretheSARSviruscamefromB.informusoftheharmfuleffectsoftheSARSepidemictenyearsagoC.showthehorribleeffectsananimalinfluenzaviruscanhaveonceitspreadstohumansD.comparethedifferencesbetweentheSARSepidemicandtheH7N9birdflu3.WhatmakestheH7N9birdflumorefrighteningthantheH5N1birdfluaccordingtothetext?A.Itcancauseseveresicknessinbirds.B.Itcanspreadfrompersontoperson.C.Itaffectsagreaternumberofbirds.D.Itdoesn’tsickenbirdsandthuscanspreadunnoticed.4.WhatarepeopleadvisedtodotoprotectthemselvesagainsttheH7N9birdflu?a.Togetvaccinatedforthedisease.b.Tokeepawayfrombirdsandtheireggs.c.Tostopeatingchickensandducks.d.Toavoidmeetingwithsickpeople.e.Towashhandsthoroughlyandregularly.A.a,bB.c,dC.b,eD.a,eB(2022·宁夏模拟)-7-\n体裁记叙文话题第一次欧洲旅行词数326AsaboygrowingupinIndia,Ihadlongedtotravelabroad.IusedtolistentothestoriesmyfatherwouldtellmeabouthisstayinCanadaandtourstoEuropeinthe1970s,withgreatinterest.Mybigmomentfinallycameinthesummerof1998whenIwasabletoaccompanymyparentstoEurope,wheremyfatherwastoattendameeting.WeplannedtotraveltoBelgium,NetherlandsandWestGermany.IhavevividmemorieseventodayofgoingtoMumbaiairportatnightallexcitedaboutfinallygoingabroad.IhadheardseveralgreatthingsaboutLufthansatillthenbutnowIfinallygottoexperiencethemfirsthand,duringtheflighttoFrankfurt.WeflewbusinessclassandeventodayIcanremembertheexcellentservicebytheLufthansacrew.Theflightwasreallysmoothandthoroughlyenjoyable,evenforsomeonelikeme,whoisotherwisescaredofflying.AfterspendingalmosttwoweeksinEurope,wetooktheLufthansaairportexpressfromDusseldorftoFrankfurtairport,forourreturnflight.Whatajourneythatwas!AllalongtheRhine(莱茵河),itwassimplyanunforgettableexperience.IwasinasombremoodontheflightbacktoMumbaiasitmarkedtheendofawonderfulvacation,buttheLufthansacrewmemberswereabletochangeitintoamostenjoyableexperienceyetagain,withthequalityoftheirservice.Beingthefirstairlinetotakemeoverseas,Lufthansawillalwaysholdaspecialplaceinmyheart.Eventoday,IcontinuetoenjoyflightsonLufthansaandsimplycannotdreamofchoosinganyotherairline.Flying,ingeneral,forme,hasalwaysbeenanordeal(terribleandpainfulexperience).FlyingonLufthansa,however,issomethingIalwayshaveandalwayswilllookforwardto.5.Whichcountrydoestheauthorliveinnow?A.India. B.Canada. C.Belgium. D.Germany.6.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheauthor’striptoEuropein1998?A.Theauthortraveledwithoneofhisparents.B.Boththeirgoingandreturnarebyair.C.Theytraveledinspringthatyear.D.TheystayedinEuropefornearlytwomonths.7.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatLufthansais .-7-\nA.acityinIndiaB.acityinEuropeC.anairlinecompanyD.atravelagency8.Theunderlinedword“sombre”inthe4thparagraphprobablymeans“ ”.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.enjoyableC(2022·苏州模拟)体裁说明文题材保护《最后的晚餐》词数369 HousedinMilan,oneofEurope’sdirtiestcities,LeonardodaVinci’smasterpieceTheLastSupperstillfacesathreatfromairpollution,researcherssay,despitepreventativemeasuresthathavesignificantlydecreasedpollutantsinthechurchwherethefamouspaintingisondisplay.In2022,Italianauthoritiesinstalledaheating,ventilation(通风)andair-conditioningsystemtoprotectthepaintingfromMilan’spollutedair.Toseewhetherthesystemcouldimproveairquality,ateamofresearchersledbyConstantinosSioutas,aprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineeringattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,placedtwoair-qualitymonitorsinsidethechurchforayeartocollectsamplesfromaroundthepainting.Resultsshowedthelevelsoffineandcoarseparticulateswerereducednearthepaintingby88percentand94percent,respectively,comparedwiththecorrespondingoutdoorlevels.“It’saspectacularreduction,”Sioutassaidinastatement.“Itis,frankly,veryimpressive.”AlthoughtheresearchersapplaudedthesuccessfuldecreaseinparticulatesaroundthedaVincipainting,theywarnedthatindoorsourcesofpollutionmaystillposeathreattothepricelesspainting.Fattylipids(油脂)fromtheskinofcustomersinthechurchappearedinsignificantquantitiesaroundthepainting,despitethefactthatvisitorsgettingaccesstotheartworkarestrictlyregulated.Onlyafewvisitorsareallowedinsidethechurchatatime,andtheyenterthebuildingandcanstayforonly15minuteseach.However,fattylipidsfromvisitors’skincancombinewithdustintheairandpollutethepaintingiftheycomeincontactwithit,saidstudyresearcherNancyDaheroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Evenpreviousrestorationsofthepaintingmaypolluteitssurface,Dahersaid.Tinyparticulatesofthewaxappliedduringearlyrepaireffortscanbeemittedfromthepainting,-7-\ngetintotheairandtarnish(使失去光泽)thepaintinginthesamemannerasthefattylipids.Theresearchersnotedthattheirair-sampleanalysiscouldbeusedasapointofreferenceforfuturestudiesaimedatprotectingvaluableartworkandartifacts.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“particulates”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Thesmallestpartsofachemicalsubstance.B.Thingsdirtierthanusual.C.Certaintypesofgas.D.Extremelysmallpiecesofdirt,whichcauseseriouspollution.10.Accordingtothetext,thefollowingfactorspollutethepaintingEXCEPT .A.fattylipidsfromtheskinB.tinyparticlesofthewaxC.breathofthevisitorsD.dustintheair11.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheirair-sampleanalysis?A.Theair-sampleanalysiswasgotbygatheringairinthechurchforayear.B.Theair-sampleanalysisshowedthatthepaintingiscompletelyawayfromairpollution.C.Theair-sampleanalysiscanbehelpfulforfuturestudiesprotectingvaluableartwork.D.Theair-sampleanalysisshowedthattheparticulatesaroundthedaVincipaintingweredecreasedsuccessfully.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.HowtodecreaselevelsofparticulateseffectivelyB.Thefamouspainting—daVinci’sTheLastSupperC.KeepingairpollutionfromdamagingdaVinci’sTheLastSupperD.Howtoprotectartworkinhouseholds【拓展训练】1.阅读B篇文章,写出下列单词的含义。(1)thoroughlyadv. _______________(2)sombreadj._______________(3)longtodo_______________2.阅读B篇文章,思考下面问题。-7-\nWhatmadetheauthorsointerestedintravelingabroad?___________________________________________________________答案解析A 【文章大意】新一波禽流感疫情来袭,你该如何应对?1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。A项文中没有提及,B项提到的600多人是感染theH5N1birdflu的人数,死亡人数为这一人数的60%,也就是不到400人;由第四段的“Mostofthemutationsonlyaffectbirds,suchaschickensandpigeons,anddon’tnormallyspreadtohumans.”可以推知C项不对;由第四段的“Anychangeofthenumbersofthetwoproteinsindicatesanewmutation.”可推知D项正确。2.【解析】选C。推理判断题。这里列举SARS的例子是为了说明本段首句谈到的“Anytimeananimalinfluenzaviruscrossestohumans,itisacauseforconcern”,而本段又是进一步说明上一段最后一句话“Butoncetheydo,theresultscanbedisastrous.”,所以C项为正确答案。3.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知,H7N9禽流感与H5N1禽流感不同的是它不会在禽类间导致明显的疫情,这使得它的传播不容易被及时发现,故答案为D。4.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段可知,专家建议人们勤洗手,尽量避免接触禽类以及禽类下的蛋,所以C项为正确答案。最后一段提到了现在还没有针对H7N9禽流感的疫苗,故a不对。c,d文中没有提及。B 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者给我们讲述了他第一次去欧洲的难忘旅行。5.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段首句以及最后一段“Beingthefirstairlinetotakemeoverseas”可分析,作者生活的国度是印度(India)。6.【解析】选B。细节理解题。A项错在与事实“和父母双亲一起去的”不符;C项错在与事实“他们是在夏季去的”不符;D项错在与事实“在欧洲待了两个星期”不符。B项与文章吻合。7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。通过后三段内容不难看出,此为一家航空公司的名称(德国汉莎航空公司)。8.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。想到愉快的旅行就要结束,其心情自然不好,故选B项。根据后半句“但德国汉莎航空公司却以其高质量的服务使得‘我’这一返程旅行转变为amostenjoyable-7-\nexperience”也可推知。C 【文章大意】保存在意大利米兰一家教堂的达·芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》受到空气污染的影响,虽采取措施使教堂空气质量提高,但仍存在一些污染隐患。9.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子,可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。10.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章各处信息可知,对名画《最后的晚餐》带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。11.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知,虽然教堂室内环境大为改善,但这幅珍贵的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。12.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知,本文主要介绍如何保护达·芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影响,故C项做标题最佳。【拓展训练】1.(1)彻底地(2)阴沉的;忧郁的(3)渴望做某事2.Hisfather’sstoriesabouthistravelingexperiences.-7-
