专题一第4课时顺藤摸瓜-明辨词义猜测类题目题组一 体验真题Passage1体裁：说明文 话题：项目介绍 词数：300 时间：6′(2022·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，C)SalvadorDali(1904－1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings，sculptures，drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces，mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938，worksonpaper，objects，andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning，theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities(无限).“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge，contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus：amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum－theatreinFigueras，”explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，Florida.【语篇解读】 这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品风格及theworldofDali中的展品情况。1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional.答案 B [推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“...withanexhibition\nbringtogetherover200paintings，sculptures，drawingsandmore.”一句可知，Dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为B。]2.WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.答案 A [推理判断题。根据第一段“...thevisitorswillfindthebestpieces，mostimportantlythePersistenceofMemory”可知，该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推断它是Dali的杰作之一。]3.HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject.答案 D [事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“...followsapathoftimeandsubject.”可知，Dali的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选D。]4.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.答案 A [词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像SalvadorDaliMuseum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为A。]Passage2体裁：记叙文 话题：享受生活 词数：330 时间：7′(2022·四川卷，B)NothingcouldstopDad.Afterhewasputondisabilityforabadback，heboughtasmallfarminthecountry，justenoughtogrowfoodforthefamily.Heplantedvegetables，fruittreesandevenkeptbeesforhoney.AndeveryweekhecleanedOldManMcColgin'schickenhouseinexchangeformanure(肥料).Thesmellreallyburnedtheinsideofyournose.Whenwecomplainedabouttheterriblesmell，Dadsaidthestrongerthemanure，thehealthierthecrops，andhewasright.Forexample，justoneofhiscantaloupesfilledtheentire\nhousewithitssweetsmell，andthetastewasevensweeter.Asthevegetablesstartedcomingin，Dadthrewhimselfintocooking.Oneday，armedwithabasketofvegetables，heannouncedhewasgoingtomakestew(炖菜).Dadpulledoutapressurecookerandfilleditupwithcabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onionsandcarrots.Forabouthalfanhour，thepressurebuiltandthevegetablescooked.Finally，Dadturnedoffthestove，thepotbegantocoolandthepressurereliefvalvesprayedoutacloudofsteam.IfwethoughtDad'spileofchickenmanurewasbad，thiswas10timesworse.WhenDadtookoffthelid，thesmellnearlyknockedusout.Dadcarriedthepotoutandweopeneddoorsandwindowstoairoutthehouse.Justhowbadwasit?Theneighborscameoutoftheirhousestoseeifwehadagasleak!Determined，Dadfilledourplateswithsteamingstewandpassedthemaround.Itdidn'tlookthatbad，andafterthefirstwavehadshutdownmyabilitytosmell，itdidn'toffendthenosesomuch，either.Itookataste.Itwouldneverwinaprizeinacookingcompetition，butitwassurprisinglyedible，andwedrankupeverylastdropofsoup.【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场，在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。但作者的父亲收获的时候，他炖了一锅蔬菜，闻到味道时，作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。5.WhydidDadcleanOldManMcColgin'schickenhouseregularly?A.Toearnsomemoneyforthefamily.B.Tocollectmanureforhiscrops.C.Togetridoftheterriblesmell.D.Tosetagoodexampletous.答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章第一段的AndeveryweekhecleanedOldManMcColgin'schickenhouseinexchangeformanure(肥料).可知是为了收集肥料。]6.WhatcanweinferaboutDad'sstew?A.Itispopularamongtheneighbors.B.Itcontainshoneyandvegetables.C.Itlooksverywonderful.\nD.Ittastesquitedelicious.答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段的wedrankupeverylastdropofsoup.可知选择D。意为父亲的炖菜非常美味。]7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offend”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Toattract.B.Toupset.C.Toair.D.Toshut.答案 B [词义判断题。根据文章上文的thefirstwavehadshutdownmyabilitytosmell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。]8.WhatcanwelearnaboutDadfromthetext?A.Heisanexperiencedcook.B.Heisatroublesomefather.C.Hehasapositiveattitudetolife.D.Hesuffersalotfromhisdisability.答案 C [推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，父亲在背部受伤后，不愿意休息，而是自己经营着小农场，而且在收获后，还自己种菜。可知父亲对生活有着积极的态度。]Passage3体裁：说明文 话题：环境与自然 词数：298 时间：6′(2022·新课标全国卷Ⅰ，B)Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasanever－lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsover\nthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1，1914.【语篇解读】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。9.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS答案 D [事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。]10.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'________.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution答案 B [词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。]11.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.答案 C [事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattracted\nthem...soldinrestaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。]12.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.答案 B [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。]Passage4体裁：记叙文 话题：社会生活 词数：251 时间：5′(2022·重庆卷，D)Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest，thenext，theairwaschargedwithtension.Theelephanthadheardthedistantalarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged.Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.Wesoundedlikeaforestfire－crackling，snapping，trailblazing.Butthroughallthenoisecameasharpwarningcry.Theelephantstoppedandwehearditagain－thetell－talecallofaspotteddeer.Ilookedquicklyaroundtheshadowsoftheforest.Raysofsunlightshonethroughtreebranches，beneathwhichthepatchwork(交错)ofgreenplantsandshadows－within－shadowswouldmaketigerstripes(条纹)lookmoreattractive.Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephant'sstomach，theforestwassilent.Gradually，thetensionslippedfromourbodies.Theelephantseizedanearbybranchandputitintohermouth.Ireachedforwardandgentlymovedmyhandovertheelephant'sneck；therewasasoftpart，freeofwrinklesandhairs，behindherear.Thiswasmyfourthtimeto__sense__the__auraoftheforestinCorbett，althoughIsawnotigersintheend.LocatedatthefootoftheHimalayanmountains，Corbettishometoabout135Bengaltigers，buttheforestseemedtobeguardingtheirwhereabouts(出没处)，asilentreminderoftheirsecrecyandrarity.Still，Iwashappy\nenoughtouchingtheelephantbehindtheear.IfIhadsodesperatelywantedtoseeatiger，Icouldhavegonetoazoo.Afterall，spottingtigersmerelyconfirmstheirbeauty；trackingthemcanmakeyouawareofsomethingmore.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在森林里追踪寻找孟加拉虎的经历。13.Whichofthefollowingwasaclearsignalofalarm?A.Theelephantstopped.B.Aspotteddeercalled.C.Theelephantseizedabranch.D.Theforestwassilentforawhile.答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知我们听到的尖锐的警报声来自一只梅花鹿，故选B。]14.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlyby________.A.describingvarioussoundsB.comparingdifferentanimalsC.listingdifferentactivitiesD.introducingvariousplants答案 A [写作手法题。根据第一段可知，作者在森林里听到了各种各样的声音，因此作者是通过描述各种声音来展开叙述的，应选A。]15.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tosensetheaura”mostprobablymean?A.Toseethediversity.B.Toenjoythescenery.C.Tofeeltheatmosphere.D.Toexperiencethefreedom.答案 C [词义猜测题。根据文章可知作者听到了各种声音，之后森林回归平静，逐渐地我们的紧张也消失不见了，大象也变得安静了。尽管我没有发现老虎，但是我依然感觉到了这种紧张后平静的氛围，故选C。]16.HowdoestheauthorfeelafterseveralvisitstoCorbett?A.SeeingaBengaltigerisquitethrilling.B.Itisverytime－consumingtotravelinCorbett.C.ItisreallyworthwhiletostudytheanimalsinCorbett.\nD.TheprocessoffindingBengaltigersismostappealing.答案 D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知，我本可以在公园里看到老虎，但是追踪孟加拉虎使我感知更多的东西，所以这个过程是非常吸引人的，故选D。]Passage5体裁：说明文 话题：科普知识 词数：237 时间：6′(2022·四川卷，D)Witharound100studentsscheduledtobeinthat9amMondaymorninglecture，itisnosurprisethatalmost20peopleactuallymakeittotheclassandonly10ofthemarestillawakeafterthefirst15minutes；itisnotevenasurprisethatmostofthemarestillintheirpyjamas(睡衣).Obviously，studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.Allhumanbeingspossessabodyclock.Alongwithotheralerting(警报)systems，thisgovernsthesleep/wakecycleandisthereforeoneofthemainprocesseswhichgovernsleepbehaviour.Typically，thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayedinadolescents，whichleadstomanystudentsnotfeelingsleepyuntilmuchlaterintheevenings.Thistypicalsleeppatternisusuallyreferredtoasthe“nightowl”scheduleofsleep.Thisisopposedtothe“earlybird”schedule，andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.Suchapersonhasgreatdifficultyinwakingupinthemornings.Researchsuggeststhatnightowlsfeelmostalertandfunctionbestintheeveningsandatnight.Researchfindingshaveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedas“nightowls”andonly10percentcanbeclassifiedas“earlybirds”－theother70percentareinthemiddle.Althoughthisisclearlynottrueforallstudents，fortheoneswhoaretruenightowlsthisgivesthemanexcellentexcuseformissingtheirlectureswhichunfortunatelyfallbeforemidday.【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。每个人都有属于自己的生物钟。研究发现：由于某些人的睡眠周期不能与日常事务很好地协调，从而造成睡眠紊乱。有相当一部分人成了半夜不睡觉早晨起不了床的“夜猫子”。17.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph1?A.Manystudentsareabsentfromclass.\nB.StudentsareverytiredonMondaymornings.C.Studentsdonotadjusttheirsleeppatternswell.D.StudentsarenotwellpreparedforclassonMondays.答案 C [细节理解题。本段最后一句话对以上所述进行总结，也是本段的大意。由此可知C项正确。]18.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Moststudentsprefertogetuplateinthemorning.B.Studentsdon'tsleepwellbecauseofalertingsystems.C.One'sbodyclockgovernsthesleep/wakecycleindependently.D.Adolescents'delayedsleep/wakecycleisn'tthepreferredpattern.答案 D [细节理解题。根据“Typically，thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayedinadolescents...”一句可知答案为D。]19.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“classified”？A.Criticised.B.Grouped.C.Organised.D.Named.答案 B [词义猜测题。画线单词所在句子的意思是“研究结果表明大约有20%的人可以划分到‘夜猫子’这一类，10%的人可以划分到‘早起的鸟儿’这一类”。因为将其归为“夜猫子”和“早起的鸟儿”，所以本词与classify“归类，分类”一词意思最为接近。]20.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Functionsofthebodyclock.B.The“nightowl”phenomenon.C.Humanbeings'sleepbehaviour.D.Theschoolscheduleof“earlybirds”.答案 B [主旨大意题。短文开篇就描述了“夜猫子”现象，然后从生物学角度进行分析，接下来又与“早起的鸟儿”进行对比说明。因此答案为B。]题组二 尝试模拟Passage1体裁：议论文 话题：儿童肥胖 词数：287 时间：6′(2022·陕西咸阳一模，B)Withthedevelopmentofsociety，thechoiceoffoodand\ndrinksforchildrenismorediversifiedthaneverbefore.However，everycoinhastwosides.Manyfactssuggestthatchildrenareoverweightandthesituationisgettingworse，accordingtothestatistics.Ifeelthereareanumberofreasonsforthis.Somepeopleblamethefactthatwearesurroundedbyshopssellingunhealthy，fattyfoods，suchasfriedchickenandicecream，atlowprices.Thishasturnedoutawholegenerationofgrown－upswhoseldomcookamealforthemselves.Iftherewerefeweroftheserestaurantsthenprobablychildrenwouldbuylesstake－awayfood.Thereisanotherargumentthatblamesparentsforallowingtheirchildrentobecomeoverweight.Iagreetothis，becausegoodeatinghabitsbeginearlyinlife，longbeforechildrenstarttovisitfastfoodshops.Ifchildrenaregivenfriedchickenandchocolateratherthanhealthyfood，orarealwaysallowedtochoosewhattheyeat，theywillgoforsweetandsaltyfoodseverytime，andthiswillcarryonthroughouttheirlives.Thereisathirdreasonforthissituation.Childrenthesedaystakeverylittleexercise.Theydonotwalktoschool.Whentheygethome，theysitinfrontofthetelevisionortheircomputers.Notonlyisthisanunhealthypastime(消遣)，butitalsogivesthemtimetoeatmoreunhealthyfood.Whattheyneedistogooutsideandplayactivegamesorsports.Theabovearethemainreasonsforthisproblem，andthereforewehavetoencourageyoungpeopletobemoreactive，aswellasguidingthemawayfromfastfoodshopsandbadeatinghabits.【语篇解读】 本文为议论文。题材为儿童肥胖问题。本文作者阐述了造成儿童肥胖问题的原因并提出了解决问题的方法。1.Whatissuggestedbytheauthortodealwith“overweight”？A.Blamingtheshopssellingunhealthyandfattyfoods.B.Askingyoungchildrentowalktoschooleveryday.C.Livinganactivelifeandremovingbadeatinghabits.D.NotwatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesafterschool.\n答案 C [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者对于肥胖所给出的建议是：鼓励年轻人要更活跃，并指导他们改掉一些不好的饮食习惯，故答案为C项。]2.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?答案 B [推理判断题。第一段是中心段，提出了儿童肥胖问题；第二至四段分别给出了导致肥胖的原因；第五段总结并提出建议。]3.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.A.showpeopleasocialproblemB.providefactsforgovernmentC.advisesolutionstoaproblemD.compareopinionswithpeople答案 C [推理判断题。作者介绍了造成儿童肥胖的原因，然后又给出了解决儿童肥胖问题的方法，旨在给人们提出建议，故答案为C项。]4.Theunderlinedword“diversified”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.variousB.difficultC.expensiveD.available答案 A [词义猜测题。根据常识可知：随着社会的发展，儿童食品、饮品种类越来越多样化，故答案为A项。]Passage2体裁：记叙文 话题：人物传记 词数：306 时间：6′(2022·山东青岛高三一模)Historiansusuallyjuststudygreatthingsthathappenedinthepasttime，butDrewFausthasmadehistory!OnFebruary11，2022，FaustwasnamedpresidentofHarvardUniversity.Sheisthefirstwomantoholdthepositionintheschool's371－yearhistory.“Iamahistorian，”shesaid.“I'vespentalotoftimethinkingaboutthepast，andabouthowitshapesthefuture.Nouniversityinthecountry，perhapstheworld，hasasremarkableapastasHarvardhas.”\n“AndourcommonenterpriseistomakeHarvard'sfutureevenmoreremarkablethanitspast.Thatwillmeanrecognizingandbuildingonwhatwealreadydowell.Itwillalsomeanrecognizingwhatwedon'tdoaswellasweshould，andnotbeingsatisfieduntilwefindwaystodobetter.”ItishergreatdesireforimprovementandwillingnesstotryoutnewideasthathavegivenDrewsuccessinaworldcontrolledbymen.“Thisisaman'sworld，mygirl，andthesooneryoulearnthat，thebetteroffyou'llbe.”DrewFaustrecallshermothertellingherthiswhenshewasyoung，butshedidn'tbuyit.Faustgrewupinawell－offfamilyinVirginia'sShenandoahValleyinthe1950s.Eventhen，shewasatrailblazer(先驱).Aconversationwithherfamily'sblackhandyman(零工)anddriverinspiredhertowritealetter，onschoolnotebookpaper，toPresidentDwightEisenhower.SheaskedthathehelpbringUScitizenstogetherinthesouth，amuchdividedpartofthecountryatthetime.“DrewFaustisahistorianwithhereyesonthefuture，”saidSusanGraham，aprofessorofHarvard.Manyoftheuniversity'sschoolssaidthattheybelieveHarvardwillhaveabrighterfutureundertheleadershipofDrewFaust.【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。题材为人物传记。历史学家经常研究过去发生的重大事件，但历史学家德鲁·福斯特却创造了历史，她成为了哈佛大学371年历史中的第一位女校长。此外在管理哈佛大学方面，她还有自己独特的理念。5.WhydoesthewritersayDrewFausthasmadehistory?A.Becausesheisahistorian.B.BecauseshewaspresidentofHarvardUniversity.C.BecauseshewasthefirstwomantobepresidentofHarvardUniversity.D.BecauseHarvardhasaremarkablepast.答案 C [细节理解题。第一段首句作者提到德鲁·福斯特创造了历史，然后在第二、三句解释了原因，即在2022年2月11日，她被任命为哈佛大学的校长并且是在哈佛371年历史中第一位女校长，故答案为C项。]6.Whatdoweknowabouthistorians?A.Theyusuallystudygreatthingsthathappenedinthepast.B.Theyareusuallypresidentsofuniversities.\nC.Theyareusuallyborninwell－offfamilies.D.Theyareusuallywomen.答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Historiansusuallyjuststudygreatthingsthathappenedinthepasttime”可知本题答案为A项。]7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buy”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Accept.B.Expect.C.Purchase.D.Afford.答案 A [词义猜测题。根据上句德鲁的母亲劝告女儿的话，再结合德鲁以后的成就可推知，德鲁并没有接受母亲的劝告。故答案为A项。]8.Whatdidhermothermeanbysaying“Thisisaman'sworld，mygirl...”？A.Toencouragehertodoaman'swork.B.Totellhertodothingsasagirlshoulddo.C.Toaskhertobewell－off.D.Toexpecthertobeahistorian.答案 B [推理判断题。从下文德鲁并没有接受母亲的劝告可知母亲当时在告诉女儿不应该做男人做的事情，应该做女孩儿应该做的事情。故答案为B项。]9.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.FaustwasborninthenorthoftheUS.B.ShewrotealettertoPresidentEisenhowerwhenshebecamepresidentofHarvard.C.Faust'sdesireforimprovementandwillingnesstotryoutnewideashavegivenhersuccess.D.Historiansjustcareaboutgreatthingsthathappenedinthepast.答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ItishergreatdesireforimprovementandwillingnesstotryoutnewideasthathavegivenDrewsuccessinaworldcontrolledbymen.”可知答案为C项；文章并未提及德鲁的出生地点，故排除A项；根据第四段可知德鲁给德怀特·艾森豪威尔写信的时间是二十世纪五十年代，并非是她任哈佛大学校长之后，故排除B项。根据第一段可知作为历史学家的德鲁不仅关注过去发生的大事，还关注过去的事情对将来的影响，故排除D项。]Passage3体裁：说明文 话题：电梯文化 词数：526 时间：8.5′\n(2022·贵州六校联盟高三第一次联考，B)Youmaynotpaymuchattentiontoyourdailyelevatorride.Manyofususealiftseveraltimesduringthedaywithoutreallythinkingaboutit.ButLeeGray，PhD，oftheUniversityofNorthCarolina，US，hasmadeithisbusinesstoexaminethisoverlookedformofpublictransport.Heisknownasthe“ElevatorGuy”.“Theliftbecomesthisinterestingsocialspacewhereetiquette(礼仪)issortofodd(奇怪的)，”GraytoldtheBBC.“They(elevators)aresociallyveryinterestingbutoftenveryawkwardplaces.”Wewalkinandusuallyturnaroundtofacethedoor.Ifsomeoneelsecomesin，wemayhavetomove.Andhere，accordingtoGray，liftusersunthinkinglygothroughasetpatternofmovements.HetoldtheBBCwhathehadobserved.Heexplainedthatwhenyouaretheonlyoneinsidealift，youcandowhateveryouwant—it'syourownlittlebox.Iftherearetwoofyou，yougointodifferentcorners，standingdiagonally(对角线地)acrossfromeachothertocreatedistance.Whenathirdpersonenters，youwillunconsciouslyformatriangle.Andwhenthereisafourthpersonitbecomesasquare，withsomeoneineverycorner.Afifthpersonisprobablygoingtohavetostandinthemiddle.Newentrantstotheliftwillneedtosize__upthesituationwhenthedoorsslideopenandthenactdecisively.Oncein，formostpeopletheruleissimple，lookdown，orlookatyourphone.Whyarewesoawkwardinlifts?“Youdon'thaveenoughspace，”ProfessorBabetteRenneberg，aclinicalpsychologistattheFreeUniversityofBerlin，toldtheBBC.“Usuallywhenwemeetotherpeoplewehaveaboutanarm'slengthofdistancebetweenus.Andthat'snotpossibleinmostelevators.”Insuchasmall，enclosedspaceitbecomesveryimportanttoactinawaythatcannotbeconstrued(理解)asthreateningorodd.“Theeasiestwaytodothisistoavoideyecontact，”shesaid.\n【语篇解读】 小小电梯是一个小社会，里面的人们的举止通常有各种特点和风格。文章中介绍若干电梯规则，并涉及到一些专家对此的研究和观察结论。10.Themainpurposeofthearticleisto________.A.remindustoenjoyourselvesintheelevatorB.tellussomeunwrittenrulesofelevatoretiquetteC.shareaninterestingbutawkwardelevatorrideD.analyzewhatmakespeoplefeelawkwardinanelevator答案 B [主旨大意题。文章介绍了电梯里的礼貌举止，中间部分特别介绍了电梯里的行为规则，故B项的意思概括了文章的主旨大意。]11.AccordingtoGray，whenpeopleenteranelevator，theyusually________.A.turnaroundandgreetoneanotherB.lookaroundorexaminetheirphoneC.makeeyecontactwiththoseintheelevatorD.trytokeepadistancefromotherpeople答案 D [细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中“Oncein，formostpeopletheruleissimple，lookdown，orlookatyourphone.”可知，人们是习惯于与对方保持一定距离的，只是在电梯中无法做到。]12.Whichofthefollowingdescribeshowpeopleusuallystandwhenthereareatleasttwopeopleinanelevator?答案 C [细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Andwhenthereisafourthpersonitbecomesasquare，withsomeoneineverycorner.”可知，当电梯里有四个人的时候，他们通常是站在四个墙角。]13.Theunderlinedphrase“sizeup”inParagraph7isclosestinmeaningto________.A.judgeB.ignoreC.putupwithD.makethebestof\n答案 A [词义猜测题。根据上面分析的电梯里人们的行为，结合句中的“whenthedoorsslideopenandthenactdecisively”可知，该词的意思是：要进入电梯的人通常会判断电梯里的情况，然后决定自己的行为方向。]【长难句分析】 Heexplainedthatwhenyouaretheonlyoneinsidealift，youcandowhateveryouwant—it'syourownlittlebox.他解释说，当只有你一个人在电梯里的时候，你可以做你想做的任何事情——它是你自己的小天地。该句是复合句。从句中that引导宾语从句，该从句是复合句结构，其中when引导时间状语从句；主句中whatever引导宾语从句，破折号起解释说明的作用。Passage4体裁：记叙文 话题：家庭、朋友与周围的人 词数：378时间：8′(2022·广东省四校联考调研)Ihadthemostmercilessmotherinthewholeworld.Whileotherkidsatecandyforbreakfast，Ihadtohavecereal(谷类食品)，eggsortoast.Whileothershadcokesandcandyforlunch，Ihadtoeatasandwich.Asyoucanguess，mysupperwasdifferentfromtheotherkids'too.Butatleast，Iwasn'taloneinmysufferings.MysisterandtwobrothershadthesamemercilessmotherasIdid.Mymotherinsistedonknowingwherewewereatalltimes.Shehadtoknowwhoourfriendswereandwhereweweregoing.Sheinsistedifwesaidwe'dbegoneanhour，thatwebegoneonehourorless—notonehourandoneminute.Wehadtowearcleanclothesandtakeabatheveryday.Theotherkidsalwaysworetheirclothesfordays.Wereachedtheheightofinsults(侮辱)becauseshemadeourclothesherself，justtosavemoney.Wehadtobeinbedbynineeachnightandupateightthenextmorning.Wecouldn'tsleeptillnoonlikeourfriends.Sowhiletheyslept—mymotheractuallyhadthenervetobreaktheChildLaborLaw.Shemadeuswork.Wehadtowashdishes，makebeds，learntocookanddoallsortsofcruelthings.Ibelievedshelayawakeatnightthinkingoutmeanthingsforustodo.Throughtheyears，thingsdidn'timproveabit.We__could__not__lie__in__bed，“sick”__like__our__friends__did，andmissschool.Ourmarksinschoolhadtobeuptopar(达到标准).\nMymotherwasacomplete“failure”asamother:outoffourchildren，acoupleofusattainedhighereducation.Noneofushaveeverbeenarrestedordivorced.Eachofmybrothersservedhistimeintheserviceofthiscountry.SheforcedustogrowupintoGod－fearing，educated，honestadults.Usingthisasabackground，Iamnowtryingtoraisemythreechildren.Iamfilledwithpridewhenmychildrencallmemerciless.Why?BecausenowIthankGodforgivingmethemostmercilessmotherintheworld.【语篇解读】 本文作者以反语的口吻，围绕“母亲是最无情的”这一论点展开论述，接着从各方面进行论证，最后总结：感谢上帝赐予我这位世界上最无情的母亲。14.Whatdidtheauthorhavetohaveforlunchwhenyoung?A.Sandwiches.B.Eggsandtoast.C.Cokesandcandy.D.Cereal，eggsandtoast.答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段中Whileothershadcokesandcandyforlunch，Ihadtoeatasandwich.可知。]15.Whatmadetheauthordislikehismothermost?A.Thathehadtowork.B.Thathehadtoeatwhatsheorderedhimto.C.Thathecouldn'tsleeptillnoonlikehisfriends.D.Thathehadtowearclothesmadebyhermother.答案 D [推理判断题。根据第三段Wereachedtheheightofinsults(侮辱)becauseshemadeourclothesherself...可以推出。]16.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinPara.3indicate?A.Ourfriendsoftenfeltsick.B.Ourfriendswereoftensick.C.Ourfriendslikedtobesick.D.Ourfriendsoftenpretendedtobesick.答案 D [词义猜测题。根据前后内容以及引号(表示反语)可知。]\n17.WhichofthefollowingCAN'Tbeusedtodescribetheauthor'smother?A.Strict.B.Merciless.C.Economical.D.Hardworking.答案 B [推理判断题。表面上作者说母亲最无情，其实作者完全是以赞同的口气讲述母亲过去所做的事情。]18.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.IHateMyMotherB.MyHardChildhoodC.MyMostMercilessMotherD.HowIBecameSuccessful答案 C [主旨大意题。本文作者主要回忆母亲为了将我们培养成人，对我们各方面都严格要求，从不迁就。最终我们都有所成。]Passage5体裁：议论文 话题：个人感情 词数：340 时间：7′(2022·深圳市高三一模)It'sastrangephenomenonhowdifficultpeoplefindittolovethemselves.Onewouldthinkitistheeasiestthingintheworld，becausewe'reconstantlyconcernedwithourselves.We'realwaysinterestedinhowmuchwecanget，howwellwecanperform，howcomfortablewecanbe.Sowithallthat，whyisitsodifficulttoactuallyloveoneself?Lovingoneselfcertainlydoesn'tmeanpleasingoneselfwithoutconsideringothers.Butsadly，lovingisanattitudetowardsoneselfthatmostpeopledon'thave.That'sbecausetheyknowquiteafewthingsinthemselvesarenotsoattractivetomakethemfeelproud.Everybodyhasmanyattitudes，reactions，likesanddislikeswhichtheythinktheywouldbebetteroffwithout.Judgmentismadeandthenonelikesone'spositiveattitudesoronedislikestheothers.Inthatcase，wewillignorethoseaspectsofoneselfwhichoneisnotpleasedwith.Onedoesn'twanttoknowaboutthemoracknowledgethem，whichistheobstacletogrowth.Sincetheweaknessesexistandcannotberidof，onecannevertakeprideinhimselforlovehimself.Anotherunskillfulwayistodislikethatpartofoneselfwhichappearsnegative.Withthatcomesfearandveryoftenaggression.Ifonewantstodealwith\noneselfinabalancedway，it'snotusefultopretendthattheunpleasantpartdoesn'texist.We'veallcomeacrosspeoplelikethat，whoaretoosweettobetrue.Blamingoneselfdoesn'tworkeither，whichmakesmatterstwiceasbadastheywerebefore.Intheabovesituations，onetransfersone'sownreactionstootherpeople.Oneblamesothersfortheirdeficiencies(不足之处)，realorimagined，oronedoesn'tseethemasordinaryhumanbeings.Remember，everythingisconsideredeitherasperfectlywonderfulorabsolutelyabominable.Wewillnotsufferfromdisappointmentsandwedon'thavetoblame，becausewewon'tliveinaworldwhereonlyblackorwhiteexists.Learntoloveyourselfandliveinarealworld.【语篇解读】 本文论述的主题是：学会接受自己的缺点，学会爱自己。19.Mostpeoplefailtolovethemselvesbecausethey________.A.areawareoftheirshortcomingsB.lackconfidenceintheirstrongpointsC.can'tmakejudgmentaboutthemselvesorothersD.havemanyattitudes，reactions，likesanddislikes答案 A [细节理解题。在第二段第三句可找到答案。解题关键在于：(1)关注题干关键词(because)与文中与此相关的关键词(That'sbecause)；(2)理解原文句意，寻找与之相近的选项。原文know...notsoattractivetomakethemfeelproud与A项最贴近。]20.Theunderlinedword“them”(Para.2)refersto________.A.weaknessesB.obstaclestogrowthC.unpleasantaspectsofoneselfD.dislikesofattitudesandreactions答案 C [词义猜测题。代词所指代的内容通常在前文中提及，与代词所在句子紧紧相连，故首先排除A、B，因为它们都是在后文才出现的。“them”所指的是上句“thoseaspectsofoneselfwhichoneisnotpleasedwith”，故选C。]21.Someonewhowantstolearntolovehimselfshould________.A.dislikehisnegativepart\nB.blamehimselfformistakesC.hidehisunpleasantpartD.acknowledgehisweakpoints答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、五、三句，可排除选项A、B、C；根据第二段最后两句推断得出正确选项D。]22.Theunderlinedword“abominable”(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.appealingB.terribleC.fantasticD.doubtful答案 B [词义猜测题。该类题可首先判断单词的褒贬义，缩小范围。通过下文“blackandwhite”可得知“事物总是好坏共存的”，因此abominable与wonderful意义相反，而且是贬义的，B项符合文意。]23.Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A.blamethosewhodon'tlovethemselvesB.tellustheworldwearelivinginisarealoneC.encouragepeopletolovethemselvesD.comfortthosewhodon'tlovethemselves答案 C [主旨大意题。从文中最后一段，可看出作者的写作意图是鼓励人们学会爱自己。作者通过告诉大家“事情并下总有黑白、好坏两个方面”，鼓励人们不要因为自己有缺点就不敢去爱自己，这呼应了第二段中提到的“人们不敢爱自己是因为他们知道自己有缺点”。]
