2013高考英语考前50天（阅读理解）训练秘笈（1）及答案ACellphones:isthereacancerlink?Couldyourcellphonegiveyoucancer?Whetheritcouldornot,somepeopleareworryingaboutthepossibilitythatphones,powerlinesandwi-ficouldberesponsibleforarangeofillnesses,fromrashestobraintumors.Somesaythereisevidencetosupportthegrowinganxieties.DavidCarpenter,aprofessorofenvironmentalhealthsciencesattheuniversityatAlbany,inNewYork,thinksthere’sagreaterthan95percentchancethatpowerlinescancausechildhoodleukemia(白血病).Alsothere’sagreaterthan90percentchancethatcellphonescancausebraintumors.“It’sapparentnowthatthere’sarealrisk,”saidCarpenter.Butothersbelievetheseconcernsareunjustified.DrMarthaLinet,theheadofradiationepidemiology(流行病学)attheUSNationalCancerInstitute,haslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.“Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphones,”saidLinet.“Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.”StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFs(电磁场)andillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.Amultinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancer,in13countriesoutsidetheUS,hasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedinpartbytheEuropeanUnion,inpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.Thefinalreportshouldcomeoutlaterthisyear,butdatasofardon’tsuggestastronglinkbetweencellphoneuseandcancerrisk.44.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatsomepeopleareworriedbecause_______.A.theyhaveevidencethattheuseofcellphonescanleadtocancerB.theymakeafussovercellphoneuseC.someexpertshavegivenawarningD.cellphonesareresponsibleforbraintumors-6-\n45.Bysaying“Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphones,”DrMarthaLinethastheideathat_______.A.theworryingisunnecessaryB.cancer-warninglabelsshouldbeoncellphonesC.thereisalinkbetweencellphonesandcancerD.cellphoneshavenothingtodowithcancer46.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthedebate?A.Optimistic.B.Objective.C.Opposite.D.Casual.【文章大意】手机和癌症是否存在着必然的联系？有人说有证据支持人们不断增长的焦虑，而其他人认为这种担心并没有被证明其正确性。然而目前的研究表明这两者之间仅有非常微弱的联系，这种联系微弱得甚至可以认为是不存在的。44.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Carpenter教授提到的所谓手机危险，而在第三段里MarthaLinet提到Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphones可知，人们对手机安全性的担心只是因为某些专家这样说，人们就认为如此。45.【解析】选A。推理判断题。从第三段中的Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger可以看出MarthaLinet博士并不支持手机危险性的说法，他认为人们对手机与癌症有关的担心是多余的。46.【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文作者旨在向读者陈述人们对手机和癌症联系的一些不同的观点，并没有加入自己的观点或意见，故选objective(客观的)，符合文章的整体风格。******************************************************结束Decision-makingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictable-6-\nways.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress–atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.64.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto______.A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlesslyC.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequentlyD.learnasubjectmoreeffectively65.Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir______.A.waysofmakingchoicesB.preferenceforpleasureC.toleranceofpunishmentsD.responsestosuggestions66.Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,______.A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabitsB.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdownC.womenfocusmoreonoutcomesD.menaremorelikelytotakerisks【答案及解析】64.A第一段中，acutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegativeconsequencesofadecision,可知压力下的人们经常会keeprewardsbetterintheirmemory.65.A第二段中，Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoices-6-\ninpredictableways.66.D第七段中，Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.可以看出是男性在压力下更容易冒险。*******************************************************结束BWhoisyourrolemodel?Normallytheanswertothisquestionwouldbeanyonearoundyouwhoyoufindtrulyinspiring.ItcouldalsobesomeonelikeJ.K.RowlingorMartinLutherKing.Jr.,whohaveproventobestrongandintelligentpeople.However,intoday’sworld,starsareregardedasrolemodelsalongwiththeheroeslistedabove,despitetheirintentionsoractions.Teensattempttoimitatetheiractionsfortwomajorreasons.Firstly,tobefashionableandacceptedbypopularculture,andsecondlybecausestars’actionsaresowelldocumentedbythemediathatitseemstograbourattentionandturnsittofollowingstars’lives.Muchofthereportsaboutstarsisshockingandexhibitsbadmoralsorlifestylesthataren’trightforteenagers.Inaddition,almosteverythingstarsdoisdescribedbeyondtruthtomakeashockingstorybytakingittothenextlevel.However,teensmusttakeresponsibilityfortheiractions.Wecan’talwaysblamestarsforinfluencingus.Onlyyouhavecontroloveryourselfandonlyyouchoosetodosomething.Ourbodiesandactionsareinthehandsofnooneelse.Now,whoeversaidstarsarerolemodels?Whethertheychoosetobeornot,starssetexamplesassoonastheystepintothespotlight.Withreportersfollowingandrecordingeverymovetheymake,itisimpossiblenottobewatchedandthenbeimitated.Thesepeopleinfluenceteenswhetherornottheywantto.Whyshouldsomeonewhodoesn’twanttobesettinganexamplesetone?So，shouldwelookuptothemortopeoplewhoaretrueandgoodrolemodels?It’sourresponsibilityasteenstoknowrightfromwrong,andit’stimeforustotakeresponsibilityforouractions.Indoingso，wewillleantowardthoseinspiringpeoplethatwanttobesettinganexample,andfollowintheirstepstobelikethem.47.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,_______canusuallyberolemodels.-6-\nA.politicalleadersB.wealthywritersC.peopleinspiringothersD.peoplewithgreatintelligence48.Whatarethemajorreasonsfortheteenstoimitatestars?A.Interestinstars’lifeandexpectationofgettingrich.B.Motivationforbeingfashionableandinspirationfrompopularexamples.C.Intentionstogainacceptanceandencouragementfromstars’lifestyle.D.Desirestobestylishandgreatinfluencefromthemassmedia.49.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlytoadvisetheteenagersto_______.A.haveacontrolovertheirownbodiesandactionsB.beresponsiblefortheirownchoicesandbehaviorsC.followfashionablestars’stepstobemorepopularD.chooserightrolemodelsaccordingtodifferentreports50.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.starshavetheresponsibilityforteenagers’actionsB.notallfamousstarschoosetoinfluenceteenagersC.teenagerschoosethoseinspiringpeopleastheirrolemodelsD.starssetexamplesimmediatelytheysteppedintothespotlight【文章大意】每个孩子都有学习的榜样，然而在今天的世界里，由于媒体的作用，孩子心中的榜样不再是昔日的英雄，而明星则成了孩子们仿效的对象。然而媒体对于明星的不好的所作所为的报道却对青少年有着不良的影响。因此青少年必须辨清是非，对自己的行为负起真正的责任。47.【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第一段中Normallytheanswertothisquestionwouldbeanyonearoundyouwhoyoufindtrulyinspiring.通常所指的榜样是任何你身边可以鼓舞人心的人。故选C。48.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第二段中Firstly,tobefashionableandacceptedbypopularculture,andsecondlybecausestars’actionsaresowelldocumentedbythemediathatitseemstograbourattentionandturnsittofollowingstars’lives.-6-\n可知，青少年模仿明星的原因有两个方面，一是要时尚，其次媒体各种过度的报道也使青少年把他们的注意力转向模仿明星们的生活方式。49.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章一开始提出榜样的问题，接下来第二段分析青少年模仿和崇拜明星的原因，然而以上这些都是为下文建议青少年要为自己的行为和选择负责这一观点作铺垫。故B项正确。50.【解析】选B。推理判断题。从文章Whethertheychoosetobeornot,starssetexamplesassoonastheystepintothespotlight.可知，并不是所有的明星都愿意去影响青少年，然而一走到聚光灯下他们就会受到人们的关注。故B项正确。*************************************************************结束-6-
