2013高考英语二轮阅读理解（四月）训练（7）及答案Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandeaseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonlyl0or20years,perhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftwareorbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceed（超越）theirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesigninarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.46.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A.Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.B.Byworkinghardfor10or20years.C.Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.D.Byreproducingit.47.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?A.Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.-5-\nB.Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.C.HeisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceusD.Hedoesn'tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.48.Theunderlinedword“carbon”inPara.2standsfor.….A.intelligentrobotsB.achemicalelementC.anorganicsubstanceD.humanbeings49.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen.A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB.itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones50.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproduction.B.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeabilityC.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain.itwillpossessintelligenceD.robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace参考答案46-50.CADAB***************************************************结束例2（2012陕西卷）Whatbringsanationtogether?Ofthefourchoices—sharedvalues,language,history,andreligion,it'ssharedvalues.Inourlatestpollsevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactorbringinganationtogether,andsixpreferredlanguage.Bothchoicesscoredhighinthepoll,suggestingthatourvaluesandhowweexpressthemarecloselylinked.Still,historywasnotforgotteninsomecountries,particularlyinMexicoandRussia.EvenCanadaandtheUnitedStateschosenationalhistoriesasthesecond-mostimportantfactorunitingtheirpeople.Thebiggestsurprise?Notonecountrypickedreligionasitstopchoice.RespectyoureldersInmostcountries,theoldestgenerationconsideredvaluesmoreimportanttoanationthandidthosewhoareunder45yearsold.-5-\nDoyouspeakCanadian?LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathaninallothercountriespolled,perhapsbecausethecountryspeakstwoofficiallanguages,FrenchandEnglish.ChurchandstateMostpeoplepolleddonotconnecttheirreligiousbeliefstotheirnationalpride.Religionrankedlastin13countries—withPrancescoringitat1%,thelowestofall.46Accordingtothepoll,whatwasthemostimportantfactorinbringinganationtogether?A.Language.RValues.CHistory.D.Religion.[点拨]B短文第1段提到“Inourlatestpollsevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactorbringinganationtogether,andsixpreferredlanguage.”。由此不难判断，B选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。48.Accordingtothecharts,sharedvaluesandlanguagewereconsideredequallyimportantin____A.AustraliaB.BrazilC.ChinaD.India[点拨]D对照共同价值观和语言这两个图表，会判断发现这两个图表的最下一栏是印度。由此可知，在印度，共同价值观和语言被认为同等重要，因此，正确答案为D选项。[小试牛刀]CAftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1904,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Thedamageanddeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhavebeenmuchworse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,anearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25,000victims.InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity'shighways.Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity'sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.Despitethegoodnews,civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprints(蓝图)forimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakeplace.Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtolifta-5-\nbuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake'svibrations.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwouldforcethebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Thenewsmartstructurescouldbeveryexpensivetobuild.However,theywouldsavemanylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobedamagedduringearthquakes.51.OnereasonwhythelossoflivesintheLosAngelesearthquakewascomparativelylowisthat.A.newcomputershadbeeninstalledinthebuildingsB.itoccurredintheresidentialareasratherthanonthehighwaysC.largenumbersofLosAngelesresidentshadgoneforaholidayD.improvementshadbeenmadeintheconstructionofbuildingsandhighways52.Thefunctionofthecomputermentionedinthepassageisto.A.counterbalanceanearthquake’sactiononthebuilding.B.predictthecomingofanearthquakewithaccuracy.C.helpstrengthenthefoundationofthebuilding.D.measuretheimpactofanearthquake’svibrations.53.Thesmartbuildingsdiscussedinthepassage.A.wouldcauseseriousfinancialproblems.B.wouldbeworthwhilethoughcostly.C.wouldincreasethecomplexityofarchitecturaldesign.D.canreducethegroundvibrationscausedbyearthquakes.54.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinminimizingthedamagecausedbyearthquakesattentionshouldbefocusedon.A.theincreasinguseofrubberandsteelincapitalconstructionB.thedevelopmentofflexiblebuildingmaterialsC.thereductionoftheimpactofgroundvibrationsD.earlyforecastsofearthquakes-5-\n55.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto__________.A.comparetheconsequencesoftheearthquakesthatoccurredintheU.S.B.encouragecivilengineerstomakemoreextensiveuseofcomputersC.outlinethehistoryofthedevelopmentofquake-resistantbuildingmaterialsD.reportnewdevelopmentsinconstructingquake-resistantbuildings参考答案51-55DABCD***********************************************结束-5-
