组合练(二) 阅读理解＋阅读七选五＋语法填空Ⅰ.阅读理解ALong，relaxingbathroombreaksthatallowpeopletoreadnewsorvisitsocialmediamaybecomingtoanendduetoanewtoiletseatdesignthatissupposedtomakesittingonthetoiletformorethansevenminutesbecomeuncomfortable.CalledtheStandardToilet，thenewdesignthoughtupbyEnglishconsultingengineerMahabirGillslopes(倾斜)atadownwardangleof13degrees，forcingthepersonsittingonittousehislegmusclesinordertokeepfromslidingoff.Accordingtoitscreator，thelongesttimesomeonecancomfortablysitonsuchatoiletseatisfor5to7minutes.Gillsaidtheangleisenoughtocausesomefeelingsofstrain(绷紧)intheusers'legs，makingthemwanttogetupfasterthantheywouldfromahorizontal(水平的)toiletseat，butnotenoughtocauseserioushealthproblems.GillalsoaddedthattheStandardToiletwouldbegreatforbusinesseswantingtomaximizeemployees'workinghours.TheStandardToilethasalreadyreceivedthebackingoftheBritishToiletAssociation(BTA)，buthascomeunderfireonsocialmedia，wherepeopleeitherjokedaboutwaysto“defeat”thedesignorcalleditashame.GilltoldWiredMagazinethatasaconsultingengineerhesometimesdiscoveredworkersasleeponthetoilet，andhealsobecameincreasinglyannoyedbyqueuesforpublictoilets.Thefinalstrawcameonemorning，afteraheavynightofdrinking，whenindesperateneedofatoilet，heonlyfoundlockedcubicles(小隔间)．Hestartedworkingonasolution，andtheStandardToiletwasborn.Whiletheslopedtoiletapparentlyofferssomehealthbenefitstousers，likeimprovingpostureandloweringtheriskofdevelopingsomehealthproblems，Mr.GilladmitsthatthemainpurposeoftheStandardToiletistoreducethefinanciallossofbusinesses.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。在很多上班族眼中，为数不多的福利之一就是自由的如厕时间。这是一个在高压工作环境下享受自我时光的好机会。不过，随着“标准厕所”的诞生，这一切可能很快就会结束。1．WhyistheStandardToiletdesignedatadownwardangleof13degrees?A．Toexerciseitsusers'legmuscles.B．Toshortenitsusers'bathroombreaks.C．Todealwithitsusers'healthproblems.D．Toguaranteeitsusers'greatcomfort.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，“标准厕所”的设计者说，这个角度足以让使用者的腿部肌肉有绷紧感，使他们想要比从水平马桶座上更快地起来。由此可以推断，“标准厕所”的马桶座位被设计成向下倾斜13度是为了缩短使用者的如厕时间。答案：B2．WhatdoweknowabouttheStandardToilet?A．It'sacontroversialsubject.B．Ithasbeenwidelyusedincompanies.C．Ithasbroughthugeprofitstobusinesses.D．Itwillnotbeavailablewhenpeopleuseitforover7minutes.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，“标准厕所”已经得到了英国厕所协会的支持，但是却在社交媒体上受到了抨击，人们要么开玩笑说如何“击败”这个设计，要么称之为耻辱。由此可以推断，“标准厕所”颇受争议。答案：A3．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Whatmakesworkerslessproductiveincompanies.\nB．Themostcommonproblemofusingpublictoilets.C．ThebiggestadvantageoftheStandardToilet.D．WhyGilldesignedtheStandardToilet.解析：段落大意题。本段主要是介绍了Gill为什么要设计“标准厕所”。答案：D4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Gillusedtofallasleeponthetoilet.B．Gillusedtobeheavilyaddictedtodrinking.C．Gill'sdesignislikelytobewellreceivedbyemployers.D．Gillthinkstoilettimereflectsaperson'shealthconditions.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句和最后一段可知，“标准厕所”对于那些想最大化员工的工作时间的公司来说是再好不过了，并且Gill也承认“标准厕所”的主要目的是减少企业的财务损失。由此可以推断，他的设计可能会深受雇主的欢迎。答案：CBIsyourkidattractedbyvideogamesandhangingoutwithquestionablefriends？Thesearecommonfeaturesforinvolvementincybercrime(网络犯罪)amongotherbadbehaviors.NewresearchfromMichiganStateUniversityidentifiedcharacteristicsandgenderspecific(针对不同性别的)behaviorsinkidsthatcouldleadthemtobecomeyounghackers(电脑黑客)．“Weknowmuchaboutthethreatofhacking，buttheproblemisthatwedon'tknowexactlywhenandhowhackingbehaviorstarts，”saidThomasHolt，leadauthorandMSUcybercrimeexpertintheSchoolofCriminalJustice.“Thereisageneralunderstandingthathackingstartsintheearlyteens，butuntilnowweweren'tclearonbackgroundfactors，suchasbehavioralissues，theimpactofsocialconnectionsorpersonalityfeatures.Ourfindingspointedusinthedirectionofthinkingthattherearegenderedpathwaystohacking.”Holtanalyzedresponsesfrom50，000teensfromaroundtheworldtodeterminepredictorsofhacking.Thefindings，publishedinCrime&Delinquency，arethefirsttodigintogendereddifferencesfromaglobaldataset.“Wefoundthatpredictorsofbadbehaviors，likelowselfcontrol—nothavingtheabilitytoholdbackwhenopportunitypresentsitself，arebigfactorsforcomputerhackingforbothboysandgirls，”Holtsaid.“Butforgirls，peerassociationsmatteredmore.Ifshehasfriendswhoshopliftorengageinpettyformsofcrime，she'smorelikelytobeinfluencedtohackaswell.Forboys，wefoundthattimespentwatchingTVorplayingcomputergameswasassociatedwithhacking.”Holtexplainedthatthedifferencesbetweenboysandgirlswerequiteclear.Forboysandgirls，simplyhavingopportunitiestohackwassignificantinstartingsuchbehavior.Thiscouldincludehavingtheirownbedroom，theirowncomputerorthefreedomofdoingwhattheywantontheInternetwithoutparentalsupervision(监督)．Soit'simportantforparentstounderstandhowkidsusetechtohelpguidethemonapaththatusestheirskillsinamorepositiveway.“Parentsshouldn'tassumethathavingakidwithcomplicatedtechnologicalcompetenceisalwaystotallyfine，”Holtsaid.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，青少年成为黑客有共同的原因，但男孩和女孩成为黑客的原因却不同。5．WhatisthepurposeofthenewresearchfromMichiganStateUniversity?A．Toexploregenderdifferences.B．Tostudyhowtopreventhacking.C．Toshowtheconsequencesofhacking.D．Tofindoutbehaviorsleadingtohacking.\n解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，这项研究主要探讨青少年黑客具有的一些行为特征。答案：D6．Whichofthefollowingcausesbothboysandgirlstohack?A．Lackofselfcontrol.B．Lackofplaytime.C．Lackoffriendship.D．Lackofselfconfidence.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句可知，缺少自制力是男孩和女孩成为黑客的主要原因。答案：A7．Whoismostlikelytobeahacker?A．Agirlwithgoodknowledgeoftechnology.B．Agirlnegativelyinfluencedbyherpeers.C．Agirladdictedtocomputergames.D．AgirlwhowatchesTValot.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“Butforgirls，peerassociationsmatteredmore.Ifshehasfriendswhoshopliftorengageinpettyformsofcrime，she'smorelikelytobeinfluencedtohackaswell.”可知，对女孩来说，同伴的影响是她们成为黑客的主要原因。答案：B8．Whatmighttheresearchersadviseparentstodo?A．Monitortheirkids'performanceallthetime.B．GivekidsenoughfreedomtousetheInternet.C．Guidekidstousetechnologyinapositiveway.D．Helpkidshavetheabilitytosolvecomplextechnologicalproblems.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，要防止孩子成为黑客，关键是父母要引导孩子利用好科技。答案：CⅡ.阅读七选五Learnedoptimismisaboutdevelopingtheabilitytoviewtheworldfromapositivepointofview.__1__Accordingtoresearch，peoplewhoweremoreoptimisticatage25weremuchhealthierlaterbetweentheagesof45and60thanthepessimistic(悲观的)people.Optimisticpeopletendtolivelonger.__2__Whentryingtoloseweight，forexample，optimistsaremorelikelytofocusonpositivechanges，whichwillhelpthemreachtheirgoals.Accordingtoresearch，inadditiontobeingpartlyhereditary(遗传的)，optimismlevelsarealsoinfluencedbychildhoodexperiences.Researchsuggeststhatitmaybebeneficialtoteachkidsoptimismskillslateenoughinchildhood，butbeforethearrivalofpuberty(青春期)．__3__Teachingchildrensuchskillsattheiryoungagesmighthelpthemavoidpsychologicalproblems.__4__Nowlet'suseanexampletoshowit:Imaginethatyourecentlystartedanewexerciseplanbutyou'rehavingtroublestickingwithit.Thenwritedownthethoughtsrunningthroughyourmind.Youmightthinkthingslike“MaybeI'mnotstrongenoughtoreachmygoals”．Meanwhile，askyourself，“Didsuchbeliefsresultinpositiveactions，orpreventmereachingmygoals？”Thenyoumayquicklyrealizethatthenegativebeliefsmakeitmoredifficulttostickwithyourworkoutplan.__5__Andinthisway，you'llbeleftfeelingmoremotivated.A．Thereisaneffectiveapproachtobecomingoptimistic.B．Therearemanybenefitsofbecominganoptimisticperson.C．Theydon'tletitinfluencetheirbeliefsabouttheirabilitiesinotherareas.\nD．Optimists，ontheotherhand，expectthatgoodthingswillhappentothem.E．Next，trytoconsiderallofthetimesthatyoudidsuccessfullyfinishyourworkout.F．Thisisbecausekidshaveskillstothinkabouttheirownthoughtsduringthisperiod.G．Additionally，optimismcanalsohelpyoumaintainmotivationwhenpursuinggoals.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了乐观的好处以及保持乐观的方法。1．解析：根据空后内容可知，研究表明，在25岁乐观的人在45岁到60岁之间比悲观的人更健康。乐观的人也更长寿。这些都是成为一个乐观的人的好处，故选B。答案：B2．解析：本空所表述的也是乐观的好处之一：乐观也可以帮助你在追求目标时保持动力。本空后的例子用来说明这一点。答案：G3．解析：本空承接上文内容。研究表明，在儿童时期足够晚的时候，也就是青春期到来之前，教授孩子乐观的技巧可能是有益的。这是因为在这一时期，孩子们有能力思考自己的想法。由此可判断选F项。答案：F4．解析：根据本段内容可知，作者用一个例子来说明“有一个有效的方法可以让你变得乐观”。答案：A5．解析：接下来，试着想想所有你成功完成锻炼计划的时候。这样，你会感到更有动力。空后的thisway指的是本空所述内容。答案：EⅢ.语法填空Leatherisahugelypopularmaterialforarangeofproducts，butthis1.____________(popular)comesataprice.Thegloballeatherindustrykillsoverabillionanimalseveryyear.This2.____________(cause)manytoaskthequestion:isitpossibletomeettheglobaldemandofleatherwithout3.____________(do)anyharmtoanimals？Aprocesscalledbiofabrication(生物制造)maybetheanswer.Biofabricationisnotnew；itisalreadycommonlyusedinmedicine.Scientistshaveappliedthetechniquetogrowbodypartslikeears，skin，andbonesfortransplants(移植)．Butitcanalso4.____________(use)tomakeotherproducts，suchasleather.Scientistswillbeabletomakebiofabricatedleatherwithwhateverqualitiestheywant，suchasextrasoftness，greaterstrength，orevendifferentcolorsandpatterns.Buthow5.____________(exact)doesbiofabricationwork？6.____________(grow)leather，scientistsbeginbytakingsomecellsfromananimal，nothurting7.____________animalinanyway.Theythensetthecellsapartandgrowtheminalab.Thisprocesstakesmillionsofcellsandexpandsthemintobillions.Next，thescientiststakethecellsandspreadthemouttoformthinsheets，8.____________arethenputtogethertocombineintoalittle9.____________(thick)sheets.Anyonecanthendyeandfinishtheleatheranddesignitinanywaytheylike.AndrasForgacssupportsbiofabrication.Hesaysitmayevenbea“naturalevolutionofmanufacturingformankind”．Wewillbeabletomaketheproductsweneedinanefficient，responsible，10.____________creativeway.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。全球皮革工业每年会导致超过10亿只动物丧生。是否有可能在不对动物造成任何伤害的情况下来满足全球对皮革的需求呢？一个叫作生物制造的工艺流程可能是答案。\n1．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，句子缺主语，故用所给词的名词形式popularity。答案：popularity2．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据上文可知，全球皮革工业每年都会导致很多动物丧生，此处强调此现象对现在的影响或者结果，应用现在完成时态，且句子的主语为单数，故填hascaused。答案：hascaused3．解析：考查非谓语动词。without为介词，其后应该用动词的ing形式，故填doing。答案：doing4．解析：考查语态。句子的主语it和谓语动词use为被动关系。又因为can为情态动词，其后动词用原形，故填beused。答案：beused5．解析：考查词性转换。设空处应该用副词修饰动词work，故填exactly。答案：exactly6．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处表目的，应用不定式作状语，又因其在句首，故首字母要大写。答案：Togrow7．解析：考查冠词。空前已经提及ananimal，此处应为特指，故填the。答案：the8．解析：考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，先行词是thinsheets，指物，故填which。答案：which9．解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据句意以及空前的alittle可知应用形容词的比较级，故填thicker。答案：thicker10．解析：考查连词。空前为两个并列的形容词，空后亦为形容词，且表达的感情色彩与前面一致，故用and连接。答案：and
