选修8 Unit4 Pygmalion要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．adaptationn．适应(性)；改编本→adaptvt.改编，(使)适应2．whistlevi.吹口哨；发出汽笛声n.口哨声；汽笛声3．hesitatevi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitationn．犹豫；踌躇4．outcomen．结果；效果5．brilliantadj.光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的6．classifyvt.编排；分类；归类→classificationn．分类；归类7．remarkn．谈论；言论；评述vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起8．condemnvt.谴责；使……注定9．acquaintancen．相识，了解，熟人10．fortunen．机会；运气；大笔的钱11．statusn．身份；地位；职位12．superioradj.优秀的；较高的，上级的n．上级；长官13．robvt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺→robberyn．抢劫(行为)14．antiqueadj.古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的n．文物；古董；古玩15．shabbyadj.破旧的；寒酸的16．compromisen.&vi.妥协；折衷17．horribleadj.可怕的；恐怖的→horrorn．恐怖18．disgustingadj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的→disgustvt.厌恶，反感21\n19．overlookvt.俯视；忽视；不理会20．fadevi.&vt.(使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失●重点短语1．pass...offas... (把某人)改变或冒充成……2．makeone’sacquaintance结识；与……相见3．inamazement震惊，惊讶4．generallyspeaking一般说来5．intermsof...就……来就，从……角度6．robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物7．show...in带/领……进来8．oncemore再一次9．inneedof需要10．fadeout(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡●重点句型1．Whilewatching,hemakesnotes.他边看边做笔记。2．Willthatbeofanyusetoyou？这些对你有用吗？3．It‘srainingheavilynow,isn’tit?现在雨下得很大，不是吗？4．Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.但他们每次开口说话时就会露馅。5．But,sir,(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador‘sgardenparty.但是，先生，(自豪地)一旦被教授正确的语言方式，这个女孩就能在三个月后冒充大使花园聚会上的贵妇人。●高考范文(2007·全国Ⅱ)一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容应包括：21\n1．地点：距白山入口处500米；2．房间及价格：单人间(共20间),100元/天；双人间(共15间),150元/天；热水淋浴；3．餐饮：餐厅(中、西餐)，咖啡厅(茶、咖啡)；4．游泳池：全天免费开放；5．欢迎预订。注意：1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。WelcometoBaishanMountainHotelBaishan_Mountain_Hotel_is_now_open_for_business.________________________________________________________________________[范文]WelcometoBaishanMountainHotelBaishan_Mountain_Hotel_is_now_open_for_business.Ourhotelstands500metersawayfromtheentrancetoBaishanMountain.Ithas20singleroomsand15doublerooms,allwithhotshowers.Asingleroomis100yuanandadoubleroom150yuanforonenight.Youareadvisedtobookinadvance.ThehotelservesthreemealsadayandthereareChinesefoodandwesternfoodforyoutochoosefrom.Youcanalsoenjoyyourselfatthecafédrinkingteaorcoffeeintheevening.Wealsohaveaswimmingpool,whichisopenalldayandfreeofcharge.Allarewelcome!考点探究互动探究·能力备考21\nⅠ.词汇短语过关1．hesitatevi.犹豫；踌躇hesitantadj.犹豫的；踌躇的；迟疑的hesitationn.踌躇，犹豫hesitatetodosth.迟疑做某事hesitateabout/at/in/over(doing)sth.(做)某事犹豫不决withouthesitation毫不犹豫地[即学即练1](1)Don’t___________________that.Doitatonce.对于那件事不要再犹豫，马上去做吧。(2)Incaseyouneedsomething,pleasedon‘t__________________me.如果你需要什么东西，请不要犹豫，尽管对我说。hesitateabout hesitatetoask(3)He__________________islost.[谚]当断不断，必受其患。(4)______________________，hejumpedintotherivertosavethedrowningchild.他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。whohesitatesWithoutanyhesitation2．classifyvt.编排；分类；归类classifysth.by/accordingto根据……分类classifysb./sth.as把某人/物归入……类；分等级classifysb./sth.in/into...把某人/某物归为……类[即学即练2](1)Zoologists____________them____________thestructureoftheirbodies.21\n动物学家按它们的身体结构进行分类。(2)Eggscan__________________theirsize.鸡蛋可按大小分类。classifyaccordingtobeclassifiedby(3)Wouldyou_____________hernovels______seriousliteratureorother？你认为她的小说属于文学类，还是其他类？classifyas3．remarkv.&n．评论；评述；谈到remarkon/upon...对……发表看法；评论……remarkthat...说；评论说；注意到……make(some)remarkson/upon...对……评论；评论……[即学即练3](1)It’srudeto____________others’appearance.议论别人的相貌是不礼貌的。(2)He_________________itwasgettingdark.他说天色已晚。(3)Thespeakerrestrictedhis__________totheproposal.主讲者将他的评论限制在计划的范围内。remarkonremarkedthatremarks4．betrayvt.显露出(本来面目)，背叛，泄露(机密)betrayaln.背叛，出卖，泄露betraysb.(tosb.)(向……)出卖……betrayasecrettosb.向某人泄露秘密betrayone‘strust辜负某人的信任21\nbetrayoneself暴露本来面目，原形毕露[即学即练4](1)Hisaccent____________thefactthathewasaforeigner.他的口音显露出他是外国人。(2)He____________thestatesecrets______theenemy.他向敌人泄露了国家机密。betrayedbetrayedto5．condemnvt.谴责；使……注定condemnsb.sth.for/assth.由于……而谴责某人tosth.把(某人)逼入(某种状态)todosth.(某人)注定要……condemnsb.’sbehaviour谴责某人的举动becondemnedto被宣告……[即学即练5](1)Theeditorofthenewspaper________________________lackingintegrity.这家报纸的编辑被指责不够正直。(2)Hewasfoundguiltyand________________________.他被判有罪处以枪决。(3)Themeat__________________unfitforhumanconsumption.这种肉已不适合人们食用。wascondemnedas condemnedtobeshotwascondemnedas(4)Asanoldperson,oneisoften__________________alone.老人经常出于无奈而独自生活。condemnedtolive6．acquaintancen.[C]认识的人，熟人；[U]认识，有交情；了解21\nhaveacquaintancewithsb.与……认识，有交情haveacquaintancewithsth.对……了解makesb.‘sacquaintance/maketheacquaintanceofsb.与某人初次相见、结识某人onfirstacquaintance初次相见时[即学即练6](1)I________________________ataparty.我是在一个聚会上认识他的。(2)Hehassomelittle____________________theEnglishlanguage.他稍微会一点儿英语。madehisacquaintanceacquaintancewith7．superioradj.优秀的；优等的；较高的；上级的n.上级，长官besuperiortosb./sth.在品质、级别、重要性上更好或更高beinferiorto低于beseniorto比……年长(资深)bejuniorto比……年轻(资浅)[即学即练7](1)Showrespectfor________________.对我们的上级要尊敬。(2)HisknowledgeofFrenchliterature__________________mine.他在法国文学方面比我强。oursuperiors issuperiorto(3)They__________________number______us.他们在数量上超过我们。aresuperiorinto21\n提示：以上这些词表达比较含义，常与to连用，而不与than连用。8．overlookvt.俯瞰；未看到；忽视；不理会[即学即练8](1)Thehouseonthehill______________________.小山上的房子俯瞰着山谷。(2)He______________________________onthefirstpage.他没有看出第一页中有个拼写错误。(3)I'll________________________thistime.这次我会原谅你的过失。overlooksthevalleyoverlookedaspellingerroroverlookyourmistake辨析：overlook/ignore/neglect/omitoverlook指应该注意而未注意，意为“忽视”。ignore含有主动意味，侧重“不理睬”。neglect侧重因没看到或没考虑全面而“忽视”。omit“遗漏，忽略，忘记”，指由于疏忽而忘记，也可表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。9．intermsof就……来说，从……角度；根据，按照intermsof＝withregardto,accordingto,inthelightofcometoterms和解；妥协；让步cometotermswith甘心忍受beongood/badtermswith与……关系很好(坏)inthelong/shortterm从长远(眼前)来看[即学即练9](1)Itisdifficulttoexpressit__________________science.21\n要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。(2)Thefiguresareexpressed__________________apercentage.那些数字是以百分数表示的。(3)_________________money,herlosswassmall.从金钱的角度来讲，她的损失是很小的。IntermsofintermsofIntermsof10．show...in...带/领……进来showsb.out领某人出去showsb.into领某人进入……showsb.around/round...领某人参观……showsb.tothedoor送某人到门口showoff炫耀showup出席，到场onshow在展出[即学即练10](1)Thenurse____________me______theroom.护士把我领进了房间。(2)I___________theforeigners______ourschool.我领着外国人参观了我们的学校。(3)Whydidn’tyou________________lastnight?昨晚你为什么没到场？showedintoshowedaroundshowup11．fadeout(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡fadeaway消失，逐渐减弱；褪色21\nfadein淡入；渐渐显示出；使渐强(指电影、电视中的画面与声音)fadeup渐强(指电视、广播中的声音)dieaway指(声音)逐渐消逝diedown指(声音)逐渐减弱，衰弱[即学即练11](1)Thesoundhad____________/___________.声音已逐渐消失了。(2)Itwasdarkandthenoise____________.天黑了，喧闹声逐渐消失了。(3)Theshapes___________intothenight.那些影子消失在夜色中。diedawayfadedoutdieddownfadedawayⅡ.重点句型详解1．It‘srainingheavilynow,isn’t_it?现在雨下得很大，不是吗？这是一个反意疑问句，使用反意疑问句需注意以下几点：(1)反意疑问句一般结构：“肯定陈述句＋否定的附加问句”和“否定陈述句＋肯定的附加问句”。Theclockisslow,isn‘tit?这钟慢了，对不对？Wecan’ttakethebookout,canwe?这些书我们不能拿出去，对吧？(2)回答这类问题时，答案是肯定的用yes，否定的用no。Youarenotgoingouttoday,areyou?你今天不出去，是吧？21\nYes,Iam.(我今天要出去)No,Iamnot.(我今天不出去)Hewasn'ttherethatday,washe?他那天不在那儿，是吗？Yes,hewas.(他在)No,hewasn't(他不在)(3)如果陈述部分中含有no,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom等词，这部分就算否定，后边要用肯定的疑问尾句。Youhavenoclassestomorrow,haveyou?你明天没课，是吧？Youwerehardlytwelvethen,wereyou?你那时几乎不到12岁，是吧？(4)当主语为none,everyone,somecone,noone等时，正式语体中常用he，非正式语体中常用they。Noneoftheboyscandoit,canhe?没有一个男孩子能做这件事，不是吗？Everyoneenjoyedtheparty,didn‘tthey?每个人都在晚会上玩得高兴，不是吗？(5)当主语为nothing,something,anything,everything等时，后面尾句的主语多用it。[即境活用1] Idon'tthinkawarmwinteralwayshasanegativeinfluenceonourlife,______？A．doesitB．don'tIC．hasn'titD．doI答案：A解析：“Ithink/suppose/believe＋that从句”的反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与that从句一致。Idon'tthink/suppose/believethat...属于否定前移现象，因此其反意疑问句用肯定形式。2．Buttheybetraythemselvesevery_timetheyopentheirmouths.但他们每次开口说话就会露馅。everytime等表示时间的短语可作为连词用，引导一个时间状语从句，这类词语还有：theinstant,themoment,directly,theday,theyear,nexttime,thefirst(second,third...)time等。21\n①You‘rewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.你想什么时候回来，我们都欢迎。②HecalledmethefirsttimehecametoNanjing.第一次来南京时，他给我打了电话。③Nexttimeyoucome,you’llseehim.下次来时，你就会见到他。[即境活用2] Donotstop______youcometoawordoraphraseyoudonotknow.A．forthefirsttimeB．becauseC．everytimeD．since答案：C解析：考查everytime“每一次”引导时间状语从句。易错点拨自我完善·误区备考1.acquaintance/friend/companion(1)acquaintance熟人，相识的人；尤指在工作和事业中认识的人。(2)friend朋友；指关系密切、感情较深者。(3)companion同伴，伙伴；指共同参加某种活动或在某种情况下同甘共苦的人。[应用1] (1)atraveling______________旅伴(2)atrusted___________________知已(3)anodding________________点头之交(4)a______________indespair患难之交companionfriendacquaintancecompanion21\n2.反意疑问句的用法[应用2] (1)(2009·上海卷)Sally’sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheatre,______？A．hasn’tsheB．hassheC．isn’tsheD．isshe答案：B解析：句中陈述部分是现在完成时的否定句，故反意疑问句选B。(2)(2009·辽宁卷)It’sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia,______？A．isn’theB．hasn’theC．isn’titD．hasn’tit答案：C解析：反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。(3)(2009·河北唐山调研)Thewomencarryingbabies,comeinfirst,______？A．willyouB．willtheyC．don’ttheyD．don’tyou答案：A解析：该句陈述部分是祈使句，其中Thewomencarryingbabies为称呼语，故反意疑问句选A。高效作业自我测评·技能备考Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Hesawthegreysummitofthemountainagainstab____________backgroundofthebluesky.2．Laterhewasforashorttimea__________toFrance.3．Thepartofthearmbetweentheelbowandtheshoulderiscalledtheu_______arm.4．Ifshemarriesaforeigner,willhers______asaBritishcitizenbeaffected?5．Ireallylikethea________muchbetterthanmodernart.brilliant ambassador21\nupperstatusantique6．The____________(改编本)oftheplayforradiowaseasilydone.7．Twomenformeda_________(阴谋)torobthebank.8．Hedidnot________(犹豫)toaskhertositbesidehim.9．_____________(使人心烦的)financialproblemsdepressedhim.10．Thisbookwasthe__________(结局)ofatremendousamountofscientificwork.adaptation plothesitateTroublesomeoutcomeⅡ.单项选择1．－Youdidn’tgethurtatallinthetrafficaccident?－______.Iwasaluckydog.A．Noproblem B．Idon’tthinksoC．I’mafraidnotD．Goodheavensno答案：D解析：考查交际用语的应答。对方确认一下“你在交通事故中一点都没受伤？”根据后面的“我真幸运。(Iwasaluckydog.)”可知应用“谢天谢地，没有。(Goodheavensno.)”来表示“庆幸”自己没遭遇不幸。2．(2010·孝感高中)Teachingpronunciationclasstoamixedgroupoflearnerscan______ateacherwithmanychallengingproblems.A．provideB．produceC．presentD．offer答案：C解析：provide,present,offer都有“提供”的意思。provide意思是“供给(某物)”；present则表示“呈现(某种状况)，使经历”；offer构成offersbsth或offersthtosb的结构。结合语意选C。21\n3．Pooreducation______manyyoungpeopletolow－paidjobs.A．causedB．condemnedC．contributedD．conducted答案：B解析：condemnsb.tosth.使某人注定要……。cause引起，导致；contributeto贡献于；conduct领导，引导，指导。4．ItwasintheUnitedStatesthatImadethe______ofProfessorJones.A．acquaintanceB．associationC．recognitionD．acknowledgement答案：A解析：maketheacquaintanceofsb.“与……相识”。5．Beethovenismyfavoritemusician.Iregardhim______othermusicians.A．moresuperiortoB．moresuperiorC．superiortoD．superiorthan答案：C解析：superiorto“在品质、级别等方面更好”，表示比较意义。6．Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthepeoplesufferingthestormwere______foodandwatersupplies.A．inneedofB．inpraiseofC．inhonourofD．inplaceof答案：A解析：句意为：当他们到达那里时，他们发现遭受风暴的人们需要水和食物。7．While______asavolunteerattheBeijingOlympics,shemadefriendswiththefamoustennisplayer.A．beingservedB．servingC．havingservedD．served答案：B解析：考查省略句。因为句子的主语和谓语动词serve之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词。21\n8．Theytook______measurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescaping.A．fruitfulB．beneficialC．efficientD．effective答案：D解析：考查形容词词义。fruitful“有成果的”；beneficial“有益的”；effective“有效的”；efficient有能力的，有效力的。9．Youcannot______anylittlepointduringthisimportanttask.A．overtakeB．overlookC．overdoD．overdraw答案：B解析：句意：在这项重要的任务中你不能忽视任何一点。overlook忽视；overtake赶上，超过；overdo夸张，过火；overdraw透支，超支。10．Wouldyou______hernovelsasseriousliteratureorasmerelyentertainment?A．divideB．classifyC．arrangeD．separate答案：B解析：classify...as...把……归入……类。divide“分开”，搭配into；arrange安排；separate“分开”，搭配from。11．—HowdoyouknowheisanAmerican?—Oh,he______himselfwhenhespoke.A．betrayedB．displayedC．appearedD．showed答案：A解析：句意为：他说话时暴露了自己(是美国人)。betray暴露；display展示，展现；appear出现；show显示，展示。12．Thoughshe______foramoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.A．daredB．nervedC．wonderedD．hesitated21\n答案：D解析：句意为：虽然她犹豫了一会儿，但最后还是走了进去并且要求看一看橱窗里的那套衣服。13．(2010·山西大同市联考)MrsBlacktookthepolicebackto______place______shewitnessedtherobbery.A．thesame;asB．thesame;whereC．thesame;thatD．asthesame;as答案：B解析：考查复合句。语意：布莱克夫人把警察带到她目击抢劫案发生的那个地方。“whereshewitnessedtherobbery”是定语从句，修饰先行词place,where在从句中作状语。由于定语从句是一个完整的句子，因此需要使用关系副词，而不是关系代词，由此可排除其余选项。14．Youthinkitisuncomfortabletositonsuchahardchair,______？A．don'tyouB．doyouC．isn'titD．isit答案：C解析：uncomfortable,unfair等意思是否定，但形式为肯定；而且youthink是插入语。15．Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe______us.Ithinkit'shightimewe______strongactionagainsthim.A．betrayed;takeB．hadbetrayed;tookC．hasbetrayed;tookD．hasbetrayed;take答案：B解析：考查动词时态。This/Thatwas(not)thefirsttime从句中用过去完成时态，Itistime(that)从句中用过去时态。Ⅲ.完形填空Nowadaysthewholeworldareworryingaboutadanger—globalwarming.Infactthisbeganalongtimeago.Yetnotallofusseemtorealizeit.Onedayaround30yearsago，theninemillioncitizensofLondonheardsirens(aloudnoiseofwarningmadebyaspecialmachine)alloverthetown.Emergencyservices,the__1__，thepolice,doctorsandnurses__2__by,readytogointoaction.Inrailwayandundergroundstations,peoplereadpostersand__3__，tellingthemwheretogoand__4__todointheemergency.21\nThiswasExerciseFloodcall.Londonwasn‘tfloodedyet.Butitis__5__thatitwillbe.In1236and1663Londonwas__6__flooded.In1928,unluckily,quitea__7__peoplelivinginWestminster,theheartofLondon,__8__infloods.Andin1953,100peoplelivingontheeastern__9__，theLondonsuburbs,werekilledagaininthefloods.Atlast,theGreatLondonCouncil(市政厅),istakingactionsto__10__thisdisasterhappeningagain.Buttheflood__11__werenotbuiltuntilthe1980s.Andinthe__12__，Londonersmustbe__13__.Whenithappens,50undergroundstationswillbeunderwater.Electricity，gasandphoneserviceswillbeoutofaction.__14__willbeimpassable.Itwillbeimpossibleto__15__anyofthebridgesbetweenNorthandSouthLondon.__16__－LondonwilllooklikeVenice.ButExerciseFloodcalldidn'tcause__17__amongLondoners.Mostpeopleknewitwasjusta__18__.Onecommentfromaladywhowas__19__alongtheEmbankmentwhenthesirenssoundedwas,“It'safloodwarning,isn'tit?Thewaterdoesn'tlook__20__tome.”1．A.soldiersB．firemenC．engineersD．repairmen2．A.hurriedB．wentC．watchedD．stood3．A.booksB．magazinesC．mapsD．dictionaries4．AwhatB．howC．whyD．which5．A.believableB．trueC．naturalD．possible6．A.easilyB．heavilyC．stronglyD．poorly21\n7．A.manyB．fewC．lotsD．plenty8．A.escapedB．killedC．survivedD．drowned9．A.edgeB．areaC．partD．district10．A.resistB．keepC．preventD．object11．A.wallsB．channelC．shelterD．fence12．A.futureB．pastC．meantimeD．end13．A.delightedB．preparedC．frightenedD．encouraged14．A.RoadsB．PowerC．MessagesD．Traffic15．A.seeB．passC．buildD．cross16．A.GuessB．RememberC．ConsiderD．Imagine17．A.panicB．attentionC．noticeD．care18．A.designB．planC．warningD．joke19．A.livingB．walkingC．workingD．studying21\n20．A.deepB．highC．shallowD．wide答案及解析：本文讲述了全球越来越多的人所关注的问题——全球气候变暖不是近年才有的，而是由来已久的。1．A。根据前文的内容可以推断出此处选A。2．D。由后文的readytogointoaction可以推断出此处选D。本题稍难。3．C。根据后文的wheretogo可知此处选C。4．A。“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构中，疑问词做不定式的逻辑宾语，指物，故选A。5．D。此两句意思是：伦敦还没有发洪水，但是将来可能会，故选D。6．B。所填词修饰flooded，用副词，意思是“严重地”，故选B。7．B。句意为：有相当多的人住在威斯敏斯特，故选B。8．D。根据空后的infloods可知此处选D。本题稍难。9．A。由后文的theLondonsuburbs可以推断出此处选A。10．C。根据后文的happeningagain可知所填词构成preventsb/sth(from)doingsth句型，故选C。11．A。句意为：但是防水墙直到20世纪80年代才建成，故选A。12．C。inthemeantime同时，故选C。13．B。句意为：伦敦人必须做好准备。故选B。14．A。根据本句中impassible(不能通过的)的意思可知此处选A。15．D。由本句中的bridge可以推断出此处选D。16．D。破折号表示解释，后一句是作者的想象，故此处选D。17．A。本句意思是：这次防洪演习没有造成恐慌，故选A。18．C。根据后文的It‘safloodwarning,isn’tit？可知此处选C。19．B。根据空后的along(沿着)可知此处选B。20．B。由前文的flood可知此处选B。21\nⅣ.短文改错WhenIfirstlearnedtowriteinEnglish,Iraninto1.____________________________muchdifficulties.ThemainproblemwasthatIalwaysthought2._________________________inChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.3.___________________Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.Ifollowedher4.___________________________√much→manyanything→everything第二个my→aadviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.5._________________________SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfasIwas6.____________________learningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.OnedayIwrote7.____________________astoryandshowedtomyteacher.Helikeditverymuch8.___________________去掉shouldtalk→talkingme→myselfto前加itandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthatthestorywas9.________________________agoodone.Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.10.______________________reads→readword→words21
