阅读理解基础训练Passage1（沙市中学2022届高三检测）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文新型钢笔338★7分钟GermaninventorsFalkWolskyandDanielKaesmahavecreatedadigitalpen,whichcancheckforspellingmistakesinhandwriting.TheideacamefromWolsky'swifewhileshewashelpinghersonwithhishomework.Itwillhelpchildrenandadultsdeveloptheirwritingandspellingskills.TheLernstift,whichisGermanforlearningpen,hasabuilt-insensor.Itcanrecognizewritingmovementsandtracktheshapeoftheletterstorecognizewords.Itthenvibrates(震动)whenamistakeismade.LernstiftalsohasWi-Fibuilt-in,andthepencanbeconnectedtoasmart-phoneorPCtouploadwrittentextsonline,sharethemonsocialnetworksortakepartinwritingtraining.Currentdigitalpensuseoptical(光学)sensorstopickupthewritingmovementsanddigitize(数字化)thewordsorsketches,sothattheycanbeusedonacomputer.Someofthesepensrequireadditionaldevices,whileothersonlyworkwithspecialpaper.Lernstiftisdifferent,becauseithasthetechnologyandsoftwarebuilt-in.ThecomputerinsideLernstiftisanembeddedLinuxoperatingsystem.Theboardcontainsanon-opticalmotionsensor,processor,memory,Wi-Fiandvibrationmodule.Themotionsensorrecognizesallwritingmovements,evenifthepenisusedtowriteintheair.ThismeansLernstiftdoesn'tneedanyadditionalrecognitiondevicesorspecialpapertoworkon.Thepenhastwofunctions:OrthographyModeisusedtorecognizemisspellingsandwillvibratewhenawordisspeltincorrectly.CalligraphyModeisusedtopointoutflawsintheformofhandwriting,tomakeitneater.Futuremodelswillalsobeabletopointoutgrammaticalmistakessuchaswrongwordorder.Lernstiftusesabuilt-inhandwritingsoftwaretocomparethewrittenwordswiththecorrectspellings.Thesoftwarehasover40languages,andLernstiftwillbelaunchedinEnglishandGermanbeforebeingrolledouttomorelanguages.Thismeansitcouldbeusedtohelppeoplelearnnewlanguages.1.WhocameupwiththeideaofLernstiftpen?A.Wolsky’swifeB.Wolsky’sson.C.Kaesma’swife.D.Kaesma’sson.2.What’sspecialabouttheLernstiftpen?A.Itcanmakeyouwritemorequicklywithoutmakingamistake.B.Itcanwritewordsforalongtimewithoutstopping.C.Itcancheckforspellingerrorsandvibratewhenyoumakeamistake.D.Itcanremindyoutohavearestwhenyoumakeaspellingmistake.3.It’sbelievedthatfuturemodelsofLernstiftpencan____________.A.recognizemisspellingsinwordsB.pointoutflawsintheformofhandwritingC.correctspellingmistakesofitselfD.checkforgrammaticalerrors4.Whatcanwegettoknowfromthetext?A.Therewillbenospellingmistakesinpeople’swritingpaper.-22-B.ChildrencanfinishhomeworkassoonaspossiblewiththeLernstiftpen.C.WiththehelpoftheLernstiftpen,peoplecometolearn40languages.D.TheLernstiftpenwillhelppeopledeveloptheirwritingandspellingskills.【文章大意】Wolsky研制了一种新型的可识别书写错误的钢笔Lernstift，以震动的形式来提醒使用者。1.A解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段“TheideacamefromWolsky'swifewhileshewashelpinghersonwithhishomework.”可知，正是Wolsky的妻子在辅导儿子做作业时有了Lernstiftpen的灵感。2.C解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段开头和第二段“Itcanrecognizewritingmovementsandtracktheshapeoftheletterstorecognizewords.Itthenvibrateswhenamistakeismade.”可知，新型钢笔Lernstift可识别书写错误，并会以震动的形式来提醒使用者。3.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段末“Futuremodelswillalsobeabletopointoutgrammaticalmistakessuchaswrongwordorder.”可知正确答案。4.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章上下文和第一段末“Itwillhelpchildrenandadultsdeveloptheirwritingandspellingskills”可知答案应为D项。Passage2（2022届黄冈三校联考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文国家代表性动物409★★8分钟ANIMALShavealwaysbeenusedtorepresentcertainhumancharacteristics.Countriesalsouseanimalsassymbols.Fromeaglestolions,manycountriesuseananimaltoshowitsnationalspiritandcharacter.TheimageofaneagleisontheUSPresident’sflag,andontheone-dollarbill.Thebaldeagleisalarge,powerful,brownbirdwithawhiteheadandtail.Theterm“bald”doesnotmeanthatthisbirdlacksfeathers.Instead,itcomesfromtheoldwordpiebald,thatmenas,“markedwithwhite”.TheUSdeclaredthattheeaglewasitsnationalbirdin1782.Itwaschosenbecauseof“itslonglife,greatstrength,andnoblelooks”.AfeweagleshaveevenbecomeAmericanheroes.Aneaglenamed“OldAbe”,themascotofaWisconsintroopofsoldiersduringtheCivilWar,traveled14,000mileswithitsmen.Hewasoftenshotatbytheenemy,butsurvived42battles.But,oneoftheFoundingFathers,BenjaminFranklindidn’tagreewiththechoice.“Thebaldeagle…isabirdofbadmoralcharacter,likethoseamongmenwholivebyrobbing,heisgenerallypoor,andoftenverymessy,”heargued.Franklinwantedtheturkeyasthecountry’snationalbird.IfAmericanschosetheirnationalsymboldeliberately,thesymbolofEnglandaroseoutofhistory.KingHerryⅠ(1068-1135)wasabravewarriorbutalsowise.HisappreciationfortheruleoflawearnedhimthenicknametheLionofJustice.HewasthefirstEnglishKingtousealionasaroyalsymbol,whichispopularlyknownasthe“kingofthejungle”.BytheyearRichardⅠ,knownas“TheLionheart”forhisbravery,cametothethronein1189,thefamousThreeLionsbadgehadbeenformed.NowitcanbeseenontheshirtsofEngland’ssportsteams.AlthoughpeoplemightnotthinkoflionswhentheythinkofEngland,everyoneknowsabouttheAustraliankangaroo.Legendhasitthatthekangaroogetsitsnamefromanearlymeetingbetweenlocalaboriginesandwhitesettlers.WhenaskedbytheEuropeanswhatthesestrange-lookinganimalswere,anativereplied“kangaroo”,meaning“Idon’tunderstandyou.”-22-Thekangarooisanindividualisticanimal.Althoughitdoesgatheringroups,thekangarooisnotaherdanimal.Ifagroupisattacked,individualsrunoffindifferentdirections.Australiansthinkthekangaroorepresentspositivevalues,suchasindividualresponsibilityandpride.1.Thegeneralideaofthispassageshouldprobablybe__________.A.animalsarefriendsofhumanbeingsB.nearlyallthecountrieshaveananimalastheirnationalanimalC.animals’goodvaluesarealwaysusedtoshowacountry’snationalspiritandcharacterD.certainhumancharacteristicsarethesameassomeanimals,sosomecountriesloveanimals2.WhichisNOTtrueabouttheanimalofthe“baldeagle”?A.ItwasBenjaminFranklinwhomadethebaldeagleasthenationalanimaloftheUSA.B.Theterm“bald”means“markedwithwhite”.C.ThebaldeaglecanshowAmericannationalspiritandcharacter.D.“OldAbe”wasevenanAmericanhero.3.ThereasonwhythelionwasmadeasthenationalanimaloftheUnitedKingdomwasthat______.A.itcouldalwaysbeusedtorepresentcertainhumancharacteristicsofEnglandB.theKingsofEnglandlovedlionsC.therearemanylionsinEnglandD.lionsare“kingofthejungle”4.Whatgoodvaluescanthekangarooshowasnationalspirits?A.Group.B.Respectofothers.C.NotunderstandingD.Positivevalues.【文章大意】人类常常使用动物来代表一些性格特征。动物也被许多国家拿来代表它们的民族精神或民族性格特点。文章介绍了美国、英国和澳大利亚的代表性动物。1.C解析：第一段是文章的主题段，由第一段可知，动物常被用来代表人类的一些特点，许多国家也用动物来象征它们的民旅情神和性格待点。故选C。2.A解析：据第五段“But,oneoftheFoundingFathers,BenjaminFranklindidn’tagreewiththechoice.Franklinwantedtheturkeyasthecountry’snationalbird.”可知，本杰明富兰克林是开国者之一，而不是他把秃头鹰作为美国的象征.他想把火鸡作为美国的象征。故选A。3.A解析：根据倒数第三段可知，狮子作为英国的象征是历史发展的结果。故选A。4.D解析：根据最后一段"thekangarooisnotaherdanimal.…Australiansthinkthekangaroorepresentspositivevalues,suchasindividualresponsibilityandpride.”可知，袋鼠不是群居动物，排除A;澳大利亚人认为袋鼠代表着一些积极的价值。故选D。Passage3（湖北重点中学2022届联考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文奥斯卡最佳影片317★★7分钟StevenSpielberg---directedpoliticalbiopicLincolnisleadingtheOscarracethisyearwith12nominations(提名),whiletheAngLee---helmedIndiandramaLifeofPibagged11nodsonThursday,includingthebestpictureanddirectorcategories.Thebestpicturecategoryforthe85thAcademyAwardsishighlycompetitivethisyear,withninefilmsfightingforthegoldenstatuette.LifeofPi,thesurvivalstoryofanIndianboylostintheocean-22-withaBengaltiger,willfightcloselywithpoliticaldramaslikeSpielberg’sLincoln,BenAffleck’sArgo,andKatherynBigelow’sZeroDarkThirty,afilmaboutthemanhuntforOsamabinLaden.TheotherfilmsintheraceforbestpictureareDavidO.Russell’scomedySilverLiningsPlaybook,TomHooper’smusicalLesMiserables,MichaelHaneke’sAmour,QuentinTarantino’scivil-warsetWesternDjangoUnchainedandBenhZeitlin’sBeastsofthesouthernWild.Havingdirectedsomefamousfilms,Taiwanese-AmericanfilmmakerLee,whochoseanentirelyIndiancastforPiandshotsomescenesinIndia,isintheraceforthebestdirectortrophy(奖杯)withApielberg,Russell,HanekeandZeitlinPi,whichstarredDelhi-boySurajSharmaintheleadandnotedactorssuchasIrrfanKhan,TabuandAdilHussain,alsogainednominationsincategorieslikecinematography,filmediting,originalscore,originalsong,productiondesign,bestadaptedscreenplay,visualeffects,soundeditingandsoundmixing.DanielDay-Lewisisleadinginthebestactorcategoryforhiswidely---praisedportrayalofthe16thPresidentAbrahamLincolnintheReliance---DreamWorksproducedLincoln.ThefilmfollowsLincoln’sstruggletoabolishslaveryasthecountrydriftsintoacivilwar.Theothercontenders(竞争者)inthebestactorcategoryareBradleyCooperforSilverLiningsPlaybook(alsostarringIndianactorAnupamKher),DenzelWashingtonforFlight,JoaquinPhoenixforTheMasterandHughJackmanforLesMiserables.【文章大意】本文介绍了获得第85届奥斯卡最佳影片提名的电影。1.AboutAngLee,whichstatementisNotcorrect?A.HisLifeofPishotsomescenesinIndiaandhasChineseactorsB.HisLifeofPibagged11nominationsonThursday,includingthebestpictureC.HeisaTaiwanese-Americanfilmmaker,whohasdirectedsomefamousfilmsD.HisLifeofPiisasurvivalstoryofanIndianboylostintheoceanwithaBengaltiger2.WhichofthefollowingfilmreferstotheAmericanCivilwar?A.LesMiserablesB.DjangoUnchainedC.ZeroDarkThirtyD.Argo3.WhostarredinthefilmTheMaster?A.DenzelWashingtonB.DanielDay-LewisC.BradleyCooperD.JoaquinPhoenix4.Thepassageislikelytoappearin___.A.abiographyB.anewspaperC.ahistorypaperD.afashionmagazine1.解析：A推理判断题。由第一段“LifeofPibagged11nodsonThursday,includingthebestpictureanddirectorcategories.”可知选项B正确；由第三段中“Havingdirectedsomefamousfilms,Taiwanese-AmericanfilmmakerLee.”可知选项C正确；由第二段中“LifeofPi,thesurvivalstoryofanIndianboylostintheoceanwithaBengaltiger.”可知选项D正确。由第三段“whochoseanentirelyIndiancastforPiandshotsomescenesinIndia.”中可以判断选项A有误。用排除法从而可选出答案为A项。2.解析：B细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“MichaelHaneke’sAmour,QuentinTarantino’scivil-warsetWesternDjangoUnchainedandBenhZeitlin’sBeastsofthesouthernWild.”可选出正确答案为选项B。3.解析：D细节理解题。由最后一段的最后一句“JoaquinPhoenixforTheMasterandHughJackmanforLesMiserables.”可选出正确答案为选项D。4.解析：B推理判断题。通篇文章所讲述的都是关于Thebestpicturecategory，thefamousdirectorcategories，thebestactorcategory，由此可以推断出这篇短文应该出自报纸。因此正确答案为B选项。Passage4（2022届龙泉中学月考）-22-体裁话题词数难度建议用时应用文使用手机情况362★★8分钟Ifyouhearthesoundofrunningwaterthenexttimeyoucallaco-workeronhisorhermobilephone,don’tbesurprised.Three-fourthsofAmericanswithmobilephonessaytheyusetheminthebathroom,anewstudyshows.Approximatelythesamenumberofmenandwomenhaveusedthephoneinthebathroom,accordingtoasurveyof1,000Americansby11mark,anintegratedmarketingagency,althoughmenseemmoreattachedtoITinthetoilet:30percentofmenversus20percentofwomenagreedwiththestatement,"Idon'tgotothebathroomwithoutmymobilephone."Morethanhalfthesurveyedusers(63percent)saidtheyhaveansweredaphonecallinthebathroom,andalmosthalf(41percent)reportedinitiatingaphonecall.That'snotall,however.Whatgoesonbehindthewallsofthestallsisanythingamobilephoneiscapableof.Sixty-sevenpercentsaidtheyhavereadatext,and39percenthavesurfedtheWeb.Menworkmorefromthebathroom—20percentsaidtheyhaveparticipatedinwork-relatedcalls,versus13percentoftheirfemalecolleagues.Asexpected,GenYrespondentsarethepacesettersinthe"mobileeverywhere"movement,with91percentusingtheirphoneinthebathroom.Still,oldergenerationsarenotfarbehind.EightypercentofGenX(1961-1981)reportedusingthephoneinthebathroom,asdid65percentofBabyBoomersand47percentoftheSilentGeneration.Whileonline,theyaredoingmorethanjustsurfing;16percentofGenYreporttheyhavemadeanonlinepurchasewhileinthebathroom.UsersofiPhonesareparticularlylikelytobrowseandbuyinthebathroom–22percenthavemadeapurchase,versus10percentofAmericanswithmobilephonesoverall."Thewritingisonthestall,"said11markprincipalNicoleBurdette."Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallknow:thatthelastprivateplaceisnolongerprivate."Intheprocess,high-techhygiene(卫生)istakingahit,thesurveyfound.While92percentofmobilephoneuserssaidtheywashtheirhandsafterusingthebathroom,only14percentsaidtheywashtheirphones.1.Whichisthebestwordtoreplacetheunderlinedword"initiating"?A.receivingB.experiencingC.endingD.beginning2.Accordingtohiswords,NicoleBuedettemainlywantstotellusthat.A.nowondermobilephonesareusedinthebathroomB.thebathroomisaprivateplaceforpeopleC.itmakespeoplehavenoprivacyatallD.moremenhaveusedthephoneinthebathroom3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphofthepassageimply?A.UsingphonesinthebathroomhasabadeffectonhygieneB.MobilephonesshouldnotbeallowedtouseinthebathroomC.MostpeoplecareaboutthehygieneafterusingthebathroomD.Fewpeoplewashtheirphonesafterusingthebathroom4.Theattitudeoftheauthortotheuseofphonesinthebathroomis______A.supportiveB.disapprovalC.subjective(主观的)D.objective(客观的)-22-【文章大意】本文是一篇调查报告。文章讲述了在卫生间使用手机情况的调查结果及作者的态度。1.D解析：词义推测题。根据文章的第三段“Morethanhalfthesurveyedusers(63percent)saidtheyhaveansweredaphonecallinthebathroom,andalmosthalf(41percent)reportedinitiatingaphonecall.”可知，63%的人在浴室接过手机电话，几乎41%的人开始在浴室使用电话。故选D项。2.C解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中NicoleBurdette所说的"Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallknow:thatthelastprivateplaceisnolongerprivate."，可知，最后的私密空间也不再私密了。可推知C正确。3.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“only14percentsaidtheywashtheirphones.”可知，不洗手机不卫生，洗了手机，手机可能会坏。所以作者认为：不应该在卫生间使用手机。故选B项。4.B解析：写作态度题。根据文章最后两段中的“Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallknow:thatthelastprivateplaceisnolongerprivate.”和“only14percentsaidtheywashtheirphones.”可知，作者不赞成在卫生间使用手机。Passage5（黄梅一中2022届高三检测）体裁话题词数难度建议用时议论文挑战264★★6分钟Itiscommonandusualtoseepeoplefreakoutwhentheyfacechallengesintheirlife.Weallpassindifferentlifeproblemsandchallenges.Nooneisfreeoflifeproblems.Onlyadeadmanfacesnoproblem.Aslongasyouarealive,challengesareeverywhere.Howdoyoufaceproblemsandchallengesinyourlife?Problemsandchallengesarethebuildingblocksofyourpersonality.Theymakeyouwhoyouare.Besides,whetherwhathappenedinyourlifebuildsordestructsyoudependsonhowyoulookatit.Ifyoutakeyourproblemsastroubles,theywillbetroublesandmaycausedestruction.Ifyoutakethemasconstructivetools,youaregoingtobebuiltuponthem.Problemsareeverywhere.Noonecanavoidthem.Andtheyaregoodtoo.Theyopenupadifferentlookandopportunityifyouarewillingtosee.Whenyoufacetroubles,donotfrustrateorfreakout.Justcoolyourselftothinkinadifferentdirection.Thinkinapositiveway.Everyproblemhasitsowngoodaswellasbadsides.Focusonthegoodone.Lookatthebrightside.Besides,thereisalwaysagoodperson,perhapsyourmomordad,oroneofyourfriends,rightbesideyouwhocanturneverythingintoyourbestifyouarewillingtoturntothem.Nomatterwhathappens ,theywillbetheretohelpyou.Trustthemandtheywillneverletyoudown.Allyouneedtoknowisthatyouarelovedwhereveryouare.1.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“freakout”inParagraph1?A.feelshy.B.feelupset.C.keepup.D.staycalm.2.InParagraph2,thewriterimpliesthat______.A.problemscausetroublesB.challengescanbeavoidedC.attitudeiseverythingD.personalitiesarebuiltonfailures3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whenwe'reintrouble,we______.A.canonlydependonourparentsB.arenotconfident-22-C.shouldonlybelieveourselvesD.arenotalone4.What’sthewriter’spurposetowritethepassage?A.Toexplain.B.Tocompare.C.Toprove.D.Toencourage.【文章大意】我们每个人都会面临挑战，我们的态度决定着我们面临的困难的解决，鼓励读者要积极乐观的面对，勇敢的去迎接挑战。1．B解析：词义猜测题。根据后面的whentheyfacechallenges可知，面对挑战的时候人们会变得心烦。选B。2．C解析：推理判断题。根据“Ifyoutakeyourproblemsastroubles,theywillbetroublesandmaycausedestruction.Ifyoutakethemasconstructivetools,youaregoingtobebuiltuponthem.”可知，如果你把问题当成是挑战，它们就会成为麻烦，如果你把它们当成是工具，你就会通过它们有提高，可知，我们的态度决定着一切。故选C。3．D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nomatterwhathappens,theywillbetheretohelpyou.Trustthemandtheywillneverletyoudown.Allyouneedtoknowisthatyouarelovedwhereveryouare.”可知，每当你又困难的时候，总是有人会帮助你，你不是孤单的。故选D项。4．D解析：主旨大意题。根据全文可知作者通过文章鼓励读者积极面对困难，挑战，所以选择D。Passage6（黄冈中学2022届期末）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文语法313★★7分钟Grammarphobiaisthefearofgrammar.Thisfearattacksalmosteverybodyatonetimeoranother,andit’smostlikelytostrikeduringEnglishorlanguageartsclasses.Evenpeoplewholovereadingandwritinghavebeenknowntogetfeverishandinsecurewhentheyareawareofthepossibilityofturninginhomeworkwithgrammarorspellingmistakes.Thoughwritingmaybeenjoyable,beingcorrectedisdefinitelynot!Grammarphobes,it’stimetoputyourfearsbehindyou.Grammarisn’tthatdreadful(可怕的).Here’swhy.Let’sassumeyoulikehearingandtellingstoriesandthatyouenjoyjokingwithfriends.Youprobablyalsolikeemailingandinstantmessaging.Well,whatdoyouthinkmakesallthesepossible?Grammar!Grammarissimplytheartofputtingwordstogethertomakesentences.Wheneveryouusewordstoexpressyourself,you’reusinggrammar.Youdothisallthetimewithouteventhinking.Sowhythinkaboutit?Becausegoodgrammarhelpsyouconveytheideasyouintend.Ifyourwordsaren’tright,oriftheyarenotintherightorder,thepersonyouaretalkingtomightgetthewrongidea.Thiscanhaveembarrassingresults.Grammarhelpsusunderstandeachother.It’slikeamanualforassemblingthewordsinyourhead.Youhavetoputyourwordstogethertherightwayifyouwantthemtomakesense.Theycan’tdowhatyouwantiftheyaren’tputtogethercorrectly.Whatifeverybodyyouknowhadadifferentmanual?Howwouldyouagreeonwhatothers’wordsmean?Peoplewithdifferentgrammarmanualsmightbespeakingdifferentlanguages.Communicatingissimilartoplayingcards.Tomakesense,wehavetoplaythesamegame,bythe-22-samerules.WhataretherulesforplayingthegameofEnglish?Youalreadyknowmostofthemwithouthavingtoopenabook.1.Grammarphobesrefertopeoplewho_____________.A.mindgrammartoomuchinwritingB.areafraidofmakinggrammarmistakesC.considergrammartobeboringD.areworriedaboutgrammarhomework2.Theunderlinedword“assembling”inParagraph6maymean___________.A.lookingforB.bringingtogetherC.rememberingD.directingWhatdoesplayingcardshaveincommonwithcommunicating?A.Bothcanbelearnedeasily.B.Bothcanbeveryinteresting.C.Bothneedrules.D.Bothcanmakesenseforourlife.Whatmightbethemainideaofthepassage?A.Improvinggrammarthroughwriting.B.Forgettinggrammarwhenwriting.C.Grammarisnothorrible.D.Whatisgrammarphobia?【文章大意】本文是说明文，谈到了学生为之色变的语法。患有语法恐惧症的人，要认识到语法就像游戏规则一样是必须存在的，它可以帮助我们平时的交流和学习，所以没有必要对此感到恐惧。1.B解析：细节理解题。第一段指出grammarphobia是对语法的恐惧，第二段倡导grammarphobes不要害怕语法，由此可知，grammarphobes是指那些害怕语法的人，故选B。2.B解析：词义推测题。结合后面一句的“Youhavetoputyourwordstogethertherightway”及下一句中的“…iftheyaren’tputtogethercorrectly”可知，语法就像帮助人们把头脑中的词汇结合在一起的操作指南，故选B。3.C解析：细节理解题。这里把交流和打扑克做了比较，认为它们相似的原因是无论是打扑克还是交流都必须遵循一定的规则，没有规则的话，就达不到沟通或娱乐的目的，故选C。4.C解析：主旨大意题。本文开头提到人们害怕语法，害怕出现语法错误，而作者认为语法的存在是合理的，我们学习语言必须遵循一定的规则，所以没有必要对语法感到恐惧，因此C项符合。提高强化Passage1（2022年湖北八市联考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文产品介绍365★★8分钟Password(密码)strengthhasbeenatopicabouttheInternetlately.Ihaveseenlotsofclevermethodsforgeneratingandrememberingstrongpasswords.Somearebetterthanothers,butinmyopinion,noneareadequate.Here’stheproblem:Itdoesn’tmatterhowstrongyourpasswordsareifyouusethesameoneonmultiplesites.Allittakesisforasitetogethacked(侵入),likeGawkermedia,orevenSonydid,andnowyoursuper-strongpasswordhasbeenstolen,andeverysiteonwhichyouusedthatpasswordhasbeenaccessed. So,thebottomlineisthatnomatterhowstrongyourpasswordsare,andnomatterwhatclevertricksyouusetohelpyourememberthem,ifyousurfinternetoften,theonlytrulysecurepasswordsystemiswhatyouneed.-22- EnterLastPass.It’snottheonlypasswordmanageroutthere,butIlikeitthebest.YoucreateONEstrongpasswordthatyouhavetomemorizeanduseittoaccessyourLastPassdatabase.TheLastPassdatabaseisstoredonline,onLastPass’sservers.LastPassrecognizesthesiteyou’reonandautomaticallylogsyouin(after,optionally,askingyoutore-enteryourmasterpassword).LastPassalsohasautomaticformfillandautomaticpasswordgeneration.Thismeansthatyoucanhaveadifferent,unique,verystrongpasswordforeverysiteyouloginto,butyouonlyhavetorememberonemasterpassword.It’sthebestofbothworlds. OneargumentagainstLastPassisthatiftheirdatabaseisattacked,thenallofyoursitesareindanger,andthat’strue,butgiventhattheirentirelineofworkiskeepingthatinformationsafe,I’mwillingtotakethatchance.Thealternativeisrollingdice(掷骰子)orpickingphrasestocreatepasswords,writingallofthemdownonapieceofpaperorsomething,andthenhavingtomanuallytypetheminwhenIgotoasite.Aterriblemess. ThereisafreeversionofLastPass,withsomeadditionalfeaturesunlockedifyoupaya$12ayearsubscription. —JoshuaBardwell1.Thewriterthinksusingthesamepasswordeverywhereis.A.dangerousB.convenientC.appropriateD.adequate2.WhenusingLastpass,usershavetoremember.A.allpasswordsusedB.thelastpasswordC.uniquepasswordeachtimeD.themasterpasswordonly3.CriticsareagainstLastpassbecause.A.theyhavebetterwaystocreatepasswordB.theythinkrollingdiceismoreconvenientC.theyhavenofaithinLastpassdatabase’ssafetyD.GawkermediaandLastpasswerehackedonce4.JoshuaBardwellwritesthepassageto.A.sharehisexperienceB.introduceaproductofgoodqualityC.advertisehisproductD.teachhowtouseanewproduct【文章大意】本文是JoshuaBardwell对自己使用过的一款高质量产品的介绍。1.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Itdoesn’tmatterhowstrongyourpasswordsare…Allittakesisforasitetogethacked(侵入)…everysiteonwhichyouusedthatpasswordhasbeenaccessed”可知。2.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“YoucreateONEstrongpasswordthatyouhavetomemorizeanduseittoaccessyourLastPassdatabase”可知。3.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“OneargumentagainstLastPassisthatiftheirdatabaseisattacked,thenallofyoursitesareindanger”可知。4.B解析：推理判断题。根据全文介绍的语气，文中“It’snottheonlypasswordmanageroutthere,butIlikeitthebest”和最后一段可以推知。Passage2（2022年湖北八市月考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时议论文大话王372★★★8分钟AccordingtoarecentarticleinTheWallStreetJournal,wemightallbebraggarts(大话王)inthis-22-competitivesocietyaddictedtosocialnetworking. Takeacloselookatyoursocial-networkingsites.Doyouliketopostphotosofyourselfinrestaurantstoshowotherswhatanexcitinglifeyouhave?Ordoyouliketowriteabouthowhappilyinloveyouare?Orperhapsyouareofthesubtletypewhoconstantlycomplainaboutjobsbutreallyjustwanttoimpressotherswithyourimportantposition. AccordingtotheresultsofaseriesofexperimentsconductedbyHarvardUniversityneuroscientists（神经科学家）,therewardareasofourbrain--thesameareasthatrespondto“primaryrewards”suchasfood--areactivatedwhenwetalkaboutourselves.Wedevotebetween30to40percentofourconversationtimetodoingjustthat.Unfortunately,Bernsteinsays,somepeoplecan’ttellthedifferencebetweensharingpositiveinformationthatothersmightactuallywanttoknowanddirectbragging.Shesuggeststhatbragginginvolvescomparison,whetherstatedorimplied. “Weareexpectedtobeperfectallthetime.Theresultisthatmoreandmorepeoplearecarefullymanagingtheironlineimages”，saysElizabethBernstein,acolumnistwiththeWallStreetJournal. ButtheissueisnotlimitedtotheInternet.Inafiercelycompetitivejobmarketwemustsellourselvesonmultipleplatformsandshowthatwearebetterthanothers.Infact,wehavebecomesoaccustomedtobraggingthatwedon’tevenrealizewearedoingit,saysBernstein.Thisisharmfultoourrelationshipsandputspeopleoff. Bernsteintalkedtosomeexpertswhosaidthatpeoplebragforallsortsofreasons:toappearworthyofattention;toprovetoourselveswearedoingfineandthatpeoplewhosaidwewouldfailarewrong;orsimplybecausewe’reexcitedwhengoodthingshappentous. “Feelsorryforthem,becausethey’redoingthisunconscious,destructivethingthatwon’thelptheminthelongrun,”saidProfessorSimianValier,aresearchpsychologistatWashingtonUniversity.1.Theunderlinedword“subtle”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto““. A.hiddenB.apparentC.outstandingD.simple2.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefeaturesofbraggarts? A.Theycontrolconversationandonlytalkaboutthemselves. B.Theyknowwellhowtosharepositiveinformation. C.Theyself-promotetostandoutintheircareer. D.Theydon’tpaymuchattentiontotheironlineimage.3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage? A.Braggartsmakeagoodfirstimpressionbuttheeffectdecreasesovertime. B.Peoplewholikebraggingknowwhattheyaredoing. C.Braggartsalwaysadoptcomparisondirectlytoshowtheyareexcellent. D.Theycaremuchaboutthefeelingsofotherswhentalking.4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage? A.Areyouabraggart?B.Societyaddictedtonetworking C.Whydowekeeponbragging?D.Howtodealwithabraggart【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。生活中，大话王(braggart)最讨人嫌，可是不知不觉间，我们竟然开始用夸张的语言打造自己的形象。在疯狂吹嘘的背后，其实是一种自我营销的手段。但是这种方式并不能使自己持久发展。1.A解析：考查词义猜测。根据划线词后的“whoconstantlycomplainaboutjobsbutreallyjust-22-wanttoimpressotherswithyourimportantposition.”可知，也许有时你会有些低调，只是不断抱怨自己的工作，吹嘘的并不明显，但实际上这只是为了反过来显示自己身居要职，给人留下深刻印象罢了。故与选项中的hidden意思最相近。2.C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“Inafiercelycompetitivejobmarketwemustsellourselvesonmultipleplatformsandshowthatwearebetterthanothers”可知，在激烈的职场中，我们必须在多个平台推销自己来证明我们比别人更优秀，故C项正确。A项only错误。根据第三段“...whenwetalkaboutourselves.Wedevotebetween30to40percentofourconversationtimetodoingjustthat.”可知并非仅仅只谈论自己。根据第三段“somepeoplecan’ttellthedifferencebetweensharingpositiveinformationthatothersmightactuallywanttoknowanddownrightbragging.”他们并不能分辨分享别人想知道的积极的信息与自吹自大的区别。可知B项错误。根据第四段“Theresultisthatmoreandmorepeoplearecarefullymanagingtheironlineimages”，可知D项错误。3.A解析：推理判断题。尽管大话王可能短时间给别人留下很深的印象，根据最后一段ProfessorSimianValier所说，从长远的角度看，随着时间推移，这种做法不会有好处，好印象会逐渐消退。所以A正确。4.A解析：主旨大意题。本文作者首先指出生活中我们可能都是社交网络大话王，并举出实例，指出吹牛这个问题不仅存在于互联网，也在职场中存在，并分析其原因，加以评论。因此本文具有引导性的标题应该为：Areyouabraggart?Passage3（武昌区2022届高三调考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时记叙文面对困难428★★9分钟IlostmysightwhenIwasfouryearsoldbyfallingoffaboxcarinagoodsyardinAtlanticCityandlandingonmyhead.NowIcandimlyrememberthebrightnessofsunshineandwhatcolorredis.Itwouldbewonderfultoseeagain,butacalamity（大灾难）candostrangethingstopeople.ItoccurredtometheotherdaythatImightnothavecometolovelifeasIdoifIhadn’tbeenblind.Ibelieveinlifenow.IamnotsosurethatIwouldhavebelievedinitsodeeply,otherwise.Idon’tmeanthatIwouldprefertogowithoutmyeyes.IsimplymeanthatthelossofthemmademeappreciatethemorewhatIhadleft. Life,Ibelieve,asksacontinuousseriesofadjustmentstoreality.Inspiteofthefacttheadjustmentisnevereasy,Ihadmyparentsandteacherstohelp.ThehardestlessonIhadtolearnwastobelieveinmyself.IfIhadn’tbeenabletodothat,Iwouldhavecollapsedandbecomeachairrockeronthefrontporchfortherestofmylife.WhenIsaybeliefinmyselfIamnottalkingaboutsimplythekindofselfconfidencethathelpsmedownanunfamiliarstaircasealone.Thatispartofit.ButImeansomethingbiggerthanthat:anassurancethatIam,despiteimperfections,areal,positiveperson;thatthereisaspecialplacewhereIcanmakemyselffit. Ittookmeyearstodiscoverandstrengthenthisassurance.Ithadtostartwiththemostelementarythings.Onceamangavemeanindoorbaseball,IthoughthewaslaughingatmeandIwashurt.“Ican’tusethis.”Isaid.“Takeitwithyou,”heurgedme,“androllitaround.”Thewordsstuckinmyhead.“Rollitaround!”ByrollingtheballIcouldhearwhereitwent.ThisgavemeanideahowtoachieveagoalIhadthoughtimpossible:playingbaseball.AllmylifeIhavesetaheadofmeaseriesofgoalsandthentriedtoreachthem,oneatatime.Ihadtolearnmylimitations.ItwasnogoodtotryforsomethingthatIknewatthestartwaswildlyout-22-ofreachbecausethatonlyinvitedthebitternessoffailure.IwouldfailsometimesanywaybutontheaverageImadeprogress.1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat. A.theauthorlosthissightbecauseofacarcrash B.theauthorwouldn’tlovelifeifthecalamitydidn’thappen C.thecalamitymadetheauthorappreciatewhathehad D.thecalamitystrengthenedtheauthor’sdesiretosee2.What’sthemostdifficultthingfortheauthor? A.Howtoadjusthimselftoreality B.Buildingupassurancethathecanfindhisplaceinlife C.Learningtomanagehislifealone D.Tofindaspecialworkthatsuitstheauthor3.Fortheauthor,thebaseballandencouragementofferedbytheman. A.hurttheauthor’sfeeling B.madetheauthorpuzzled C.directlyledtothechangeoftheauthor’scareer D.inspiredtheauthor4.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor.A.setgoalsforhimselfbutonlyinvitedfailuremostofthetimeB.thoughtthatnothingwasimpossibleforhimC.wasdiscouragedfromtryingsomethingoutofreachforfearoffailureD.suggestednottryingsomethingbeyondone’sabilityatthebeginning【文章大意】本文讲述一位盲人因一次意外事故失明后如何克服困难，重新定位自己，取得人生价值的故事。1.C解析：细节理解题。第l段最后一句指出“所失去的让我更懂得珍惜现在拥有的”，故选C。作者失明是因为他从一辆货车(boxcar)摔下来，而不是因为汽车事故，故排除A；B的推断没有原文依据；文中提到他渴望重见光明。D的表述与原文有出入。2.B解析：细节理解题。themostdifficultthing是Thehardestlesson的同义改写，故可定位到第2段。该段首句指出最困难的事情是“相信自己”，故选B项。3.D解析：细节理解题。根据baseball定位到倒数第2段。从该段最后两句可知棒球和那个男人的鼓励给作者以启示和鼓舞，故选D。4.D解析：推理判断题。最后一段第2、3句表明我们要意识到自己的局限性，在开始时尝试那些遥不可及的东西只会徒劳无益，故D正确。Passage4（湖北2022届高三调考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文电影和音乐386★★★9分钟There’saworldofdifferencebetweenahorrormovieandacomedy---theformerscaresyouhalftodeathwhilethatlatterleavesyourollingonthefloorwithlaughter.Buttrywatchingthemwithoutthebackgroundmusic.Youjustdecidethey’renotsodifferentafterall.Musicandmovieshavebeenintertwinedsincethebeginningofmotionpictures,evenbeforethevoicesofactorswererecorded.Inmovies,musichelpstoprovideasenseoftimeandplace,conveyideasaboutthecharactersand,mostimportantly,drawemotionsoutoftheaudience.-22-Studieshavelongshownthatourheartratesandanxietylevelsriseandfalldependingonthespeedsofthemusicwehear.Filmcomposersarmedwiththisknowledgewillusesuddenchangesinmusicspeedtoarousefearamongaudiences.Slowingthespeedofthemusicwillhavetheoppositeeffect,bringingaboutasenseofpeace.Theuseofdissonant(不协调的)tonesandnoisesisanothertechniquethatheightenstension.Humansnaturallybecomeunnerved(不安的)whenweheardissonantsoundsbecausesuchnoisesareusuallyassociatedwithdanger,likethosethatanimalsmaketowarnagainstpredators(捕食者).Asaresult,countlesshorrormoviesoundtracksuseinstrumentcombinationslikedoublebasses(重低音)andhigh,screeching(尖利的)violins.Ascrucialasitis,thebestfilmmusicissubtle.Allthataudiencesaresupposedtofeelisaheightenedsenseofemotion---theyshouldn’trealizewhatcausedit.Onlywhenthemusicistakenoutofthefilmshouldaudiencesunderstanditseffects.Inkeepingwiththisprinciple,somefilmmakersareevenusingwhat’scalled”infrasound(次声波)”toarousefear.Whilewemaynotbeabletohearitbecauseitsfrequencyisbelowthatrangeofthehumanear,infrasoundhasbeenproventocauseanxiety,shivering(颤抖)andevensorrow.Forexample,infrasoundwasusedinthesoundtrackofthe2022horrormovieParanormalActivity,andaudiencesreportedextremelyhighfearlevelsdespitethelackofactionthroughoutthemovie.“Itdoesn’taffecteveryoneequally,”saidBritishsciencewriterPhilipBall,buthepredictedthat“wewillseemoreofitusedinmoviesinthefuture”.1.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.TheeffectsofusinginfrasoundinmoviesB.ThedifferencesbetweenhorrormoviesandcomediesC.WhyitisimportanttousebackgroundmusicinamovieD.Howfilmmakersmakeuseofmusictoaffectouremotions2.Theunderlinedword“intertwined”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto___.A.wellpreparedB.closelyconnectedC.meanttoattractattentionD.changedgradually3.Toarousefearamongaudiences,filmsoundtracks___.A.havenomusicB.slowdownthespeedofthemusicC.usedissonanttonesandnoisesD.useinstrumentcombinationslikepianosandguitars4.Accordingtothearticle,infrasound_____.A.isnoteasyfortheaudiencetonoticeB.makestheaudiencefeelatpeaceC.hasthesameeffectsonallaudiencesD.isusedtomakeupforthelackofactioninmovies【文章大意】电影和音乐密切相关，音乐对电影影响重大，本文描述了电影制作者如何应用音乐来渲染气氛。1.解析：D主旨大意题。本篇文章开头总写电影和音乐密切相关，音乐对电影影响重大，接着用大量篇幅描写电影制作者怎样应用音乐来渲染气氛，比如说通过第三段的“suddenchangesinmusicspeed”，第四段的“dissonant(不协调的)tonesandnoises”以及第六段的infrasound(次声波)等。所以答案为D选项。2.解析：B词义猜测题。定位到第二段“Inmovies,musichelpstoprovideasenseoftimeandplace,conveyideasaboutthecharactersand,mostimportantly,drawemotionsoutoftheaudience.”文中提到音乐为电影提供时间地点场景，传达人物感情，最重要的是调动观众的情绪。由此判断intertwine是“紧密联系”的意思。3.解析：C细节理解题。根据题干意思我们可以将答案定位至第四段第一句话“Theuseofdissonant(不协调的)tonesandnoisesisanothertechniquethatheightenstension.Humans-22-naturallybecomeunnerved(不安的)whenweheardissonantsounds”，通过这句话可知刺耳的噪音可以引起观众的恐惧。所以答案选C。4.解析：A细节理解题。根据题干意思我们可以将答案定位至最后一段第二句话“Whilewemaynotbeabletohearitbecauseitsfrequencyisbelowthatrangeofthehumanear,infrasoundhasbeenproventocauseanxiety,shivering(颤抖)andevensorrow.”，通过这句话可知次声波可能不会被听到，因为它的频率低于人的听力范围。所以答案选A。Passage5（四川南山中学2022届月考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文改善超市服务259★★7分钟High-qualitycustomerserviceispreached（宣扬）bymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandone.Shoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore（零售店）,butinsteadwillwarntheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangersandanyonewhowilllisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints.“Storytellinghurtsretailers(零售商)andentertainsconsumers,”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdegroup.“Thestorelosesthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement.”Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,cluttered（塞满了的）shelves,overloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting(业余兼职的)localpolicetoworkasparkingattendantstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstoredisplay,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbeskillfulandpolitewithangrycustomers.“Retailerswho’reenthusiasticandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren'tsofriendly.”saidProfessorStephenHoch.“Maybesomethingasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.”Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfillingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhavenoideawhatiswrong.1.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?A.Mostshopperswon’tcomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.B.Itisdifficultforcustomerstohaveeasyaccesstostoremangers.C.Fewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimprovedaftertheircomplaints.D.Shopperswouldrathertelltheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.2.WhatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2?A.Thesameproductscanbeboughtinotherretailstores.B.Itisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsinotherstores.C.Newcustomersaresuretoreplaceoldones.D.Notcomplainingtothemanagercausestheshoppersometroubletoo.3.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?A.Hiringofefficientemployees.B.Mannersofthesalespeople.-22-C.Hugesupplyofgoodsforsale.D.Designofthestoredisplay.4.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto______.A.voicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyB.settletheirdisagreementswithstoresinafriendlywayC.putpressureonstorestoimprovetheirserviceD.shoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstores【文章大意】本文是超市改善服务的问题，按内容可分为改善原因、改善内容和改善方法三个部分。1.D解析：细节理解题。由第二段中“Shoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore（零售店）,butinsteadwillwarntheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangersandanyonewhowilllisten.”，可知，顾客很少会向经理们抱怨，而是会提醒他们的朋友、亲戚、同事等。所以顾客们实际上经常抱怨，只是抱怨对象不是经理，而是身边的人，故选D项。2.A解析：句意理解题。从前面的句子：“Storytellinghurtsretailers(零售商)andentertainsconsumers,”可知这些抱怨让零售商头疼但是顾客很高兴，因为他们在其他的商店可以买到同样的商品。故选A项。3.B解析：细节理解题。第四段列举了几种能够减少头疼(relievetheheadaches，也就是减少顾客的不满)的方法，分别是redesigningstorelayouts(对应D),pre-stockingsalesitems(对应C),hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers(对应B),andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions(与A稍有关系)。此后的一段指出最为重要的是销售人员能够圆滑而礼貌地应对愤怒的顾客。故选B项。4.A解析：推理判断题。在最后一段，作者从顾客的角度分析如何改善购物体验，第一句就提出了建议：filingcomplaintstotheretailer，file作为动词，是“提出”，用在这里指向零售商投诉、抱怨，而retailer指的是商场主或经理。Passage6（湖北教学合作2022届高三联考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时小说节选《德伯家的苔丝》477★★9分钟Tessstillstoodhesitatinglikeaswimmerabouttomakehisdive,hardlyknowingwhethertoreturnormoveforward,whenafigurecameoutfromthedarkdoorofthetent.Itwasatallyoungman,smoking.Hehadanalmostblackface,thoughredandsmooth.Hismoustachewasblackwithcurledpoints,thoughhecouldnotbemorethantwentythreeorfour.Therewasanunusualforceinhisface,andinhisdaringrollingeyes.“Well,mybeauty,whatcanIdoforyou?”saidhe,comingforward.Andseeingthatshewasquiteataloss:“Nevermindme.IamMr.d’Urberville.Haveyoucometoseemeormymother?”ThisdifferedgreatlyfromwhatTesshadexpected.Shehaddreamedofanagedanddignifiedface.Shetriedtokeepcalmandanswered—“Icametoseeyourmother,sir.”“Iamafraidyoucannotseeher—sheisillinbed,”repliedtherepresentativeofthehouse;forthiswasMr.Alec,theonlysonofthenoblefamily.“Whatisthebusinessyouwishtoseeherabout?”“Itisn’tbusiness—itis—Icanhardlysaywhat!”“Pleasure?”“Oh,no.Why,sir,ifItellyou,itwillseem—”-22-Tess’senseofacertainridiculewasnowsostrongthat,despitehergeneraldiscomfortatbeinghere,herrosylipscurved(弯曲)towardsasmile,muchtotheattractionoftheyoungman.“Itissofoolish”,shestammered(结结巴巴地说);“IfearIcan’ttellyou!”“Nevermind;Ilikefoolishthings.Tryagain,mydear,”saidhekindly.“Motheraskedmetocome,”Tesscontinued;“and,indeed,Iwasinthemindtodosomyself.ButIdidnotthinkitwouldbelikethis.Icame,sir,totellyouthatweareofthesamefamilyasyou.”“Ho!Poorrelations?”“Yes.”“Stokes?”“No;d’Urbervilles.”“Ay,ay;Imeand’Urbervilles.”“OurnamesarewornawaytoDurbeyfield;butwehaveseveralproofsthatweared’Urbervilles.Thelocalscholarsholdtheviewthatweare,—and—andwehaveanoldseal(印章)andasilverspoonmarkedwiththesamecastleasyours.Somothersaidweoughttomakeourselvesknowntoyou,aswe’velostourhorsebyabadaccident;wecanhardlymakealiving.”“Verykindofyourmother,I’msure.”AleclookedatTessashespoke,inawaythatmadeheruneasy.“Andso,myprettygirl,you’vecomeonafriendlyvisittous,asrelations?”“IsupposeIhave,”lookinglessconfidentanduncomfortableagain.“Well—there’snoharminit.Wheredoyoulive?Whatareyou?—fromTessofthed’UrbervillesByThomasHardy1．HowdoesTessfeelbeforemeetingwithAlec?A.Excited.B.Nervous.C.Surprised.D.Pleased.2．IntheeyesofTess,Alecis_______________.A.forcefulanddaringB.unfriendlyandtalkativeC.kindandgenerousD.youngbutreliable3．WhydoesTesspaythevisittothed’Urbervilles?A.TotellAlecthatherfamilyhaslosttheirhorseinabadaccident.B.TopleasehermotherthatAlecistheirremoterelatives.C.ToinformAlecthattheyareofthesamefamily.D.Tomakeknowntheirrelationshipandseekhelp.4．WhichofthefollowingisTrue?A.TessisgladthatMr.d’Urbervilleisyoung.B.TessfallsinlovewithAlecatthefirstsight.C.AlecisattractedbyTess’sbeauty.D.Tess’smotherwantstomarryTesstoAlec.【文章大意】本文节选自英国作家托马斯·哈代代表作《德伯家的苔丝》，描写了善良淳朴的农家姑娘苔丝去攀附有钱的亲戚德伯家族，与初次德伯家族的儿子亚历克·德伯相遇。1.C解析：细节理解题。由文章的首段中的“Tessstillstoodhesitatinglikeaswimmerabouttomakehisdive,hardlyknowingwhethertoreturnormoveforward”可知苔丝很紧张。2.A解析：推理判断题。由文章第二段中的”Therewasanunusualforceinhisface,andinhisdaringrollingeyes.”可知答案。3.D解析：细节理解题。由文章中的“Icame,sir,totellyouthatweareofthesamefamilyasyou.”和”Somothersaidweoughttomakeourselvesknowntoyou,aswe’velostourhorsebyabadaccident;wecanhardlymakealiving.”可知答案。-22-4.C解析：推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“ThisdifferedgreatlyfromwhatTesshadexpected.Shehaddreamedofanagedanddignifiedface.”可知选项A错误，苔丝应该对德伯维尔的年轻感到惊讶；B项和D项文中未涉及到；从文中德伯维尔对苔丝态度的变化可知C项正确。Passage7（黄梅一中2022届高三适应性训练）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文软件318★★7分钟ItwasreportedlastweekthatdeveloperscouldtakephotosfromApplemobileandGoogleAndroiddeviceswithoutthephoneownersknowingthattheimageswerebeingtaken.InApple’scase,developerscanalsoobtainthelocationinformationforeachphoto.Senator(参议员)CharlesSchumersaidinatelephoneinterviewthathisofficehadspokenwithofficialsatbothAppleandGoogleonMonday.“WeaskedthemiftheycouldfindawayontheirowntopreventApplefromhavingaccesstoprivateinformation,”Mr.Schumersaid.“Theywerefriendlyandopentotheideathatthisoughttobechanged.”OnSunday,Mr.Schumer said thatheplannedtosendalettertotheFederalTradeCommissionaskingtheagencytoinvestigateAppleandGoogleaftertheprivacyconcernscametolight. ClaudiaBourneFarrell,anF.T.C.spokeswoman,saidtheagencyhadreceivedtheletterbutshecouldnotcommentfurther.“Itworriespeopletothinkthatone’spersonalphotos,addressbook,andwhoknowswhatelsecanbeobtainedandevenpostedonlinewithoutpermission,”Mr.SchumerwroteinhislettertotheF.T.C.“Ifthetechnologyexiststoopenthedoortothiskindofprivacyinvasion,thensurelytechnologyexiststocloseit,andthat’sexactlywhatmusthappen.”Mr.SchumersaidifAppleandGooglecouldnotcometoanagreementtofixtheproblem,thenhewouldbeforcedtotaketheissuefurther.Hesaidothercompanieshadbeenwillingtoworkwithhisofficetofixissues.“I’moptimisticthatwecangetthischangedwithoutanyregulation,”hesaid.“Ifit’snotchanged,thenwe’llturntotheF.T.C.,andifthatdoesn’tworkthenwe’llconsiderlegislativeapproach.”TheF.T.C.haswarnedcompaniestotrytobemore vigilant(警醒的) intheireffortstoprotectconsumerswhenitcomestoprivacy.1.ThesenatorsspokewithofficialsatbothAppleandGoogle___________.A.tourgethemnottoinvadeconsumers’privacy.B.todiscusswhetheritisillegaltohaveaccesstoprivateinformation.C.tostopthemfromdevelopingthetechnologyoftakingphotos.D.tokeepthemfromobtainingthelocationinformationforeachphoto.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.PrivacyinvasionfromApplehasexistedforalongtime.B.Mr.SchumertakestheprivacyconcernscausedbyAppleandGoogleseriously.C.PrivacyinvasionfromGooglehasexistedforalongtime.D.AppleandGooglehavedecidedtomakeachange.3.Mr.Schumer’slettertotheF.T.C.mainlyshowsthatthetechnologytoopenthedoortoprivacyinvasion___________.A.causesprivacyinvasiontohappenfrequently.B.canbeusedifpermitted.-22-C.causespeopletoworryaboutthesafetyoftheirpersonalinformation.D.causespersonalinformationtobepostedonlinewithoutpermission.4.Iftheprivacyconcernscan’tbesolvedwiththehelpoftheF.T.C.,___________.A.Thesenatorswillforcethecompaniesnottoinvadeprivacy.B.Thecompanieswillbeclosed.C.Thecompanieswillbefined.D.Thesenatorswillturntolegislation.5.Wherecanwereadaboutthepassage?A.Inanewspaper.B.InamagazineC.Inasciencereport.D.Inatextbook.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了AppleandGoogle开发了一种软件，不经过对方的允许就能拍照，还可以传到网上。并且能知道照片的具体信息。这是对个人隐私的侵害。1.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“WeaskedthemiftheycouldfindawayontheirowntopreventApplefromhavingaccesstoprivateinformation”可知，参议员们问他们，他们是否能独立找到阻止苹果公司进入个人信息空间的方法。此处的privacy和privateinformation同义。故选A。2．B解析：查细节理解。根据文章中的“Ifit’snotchanged,thenwe’llturntotheF.T.C.,andifthatdoesn’tworkthenwe’llconsiderlegislativeapproach.”可知，如果不改变，我们就向联邦贸易协会求助，如果那不起作用，我们将考虑法律手段。这说明他对AppleandGoogle侵犯个人隐私这个问题是认真的。故选B。3．解析：C推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Itworriespeopletothinkthatone’spersonalphotos,addressbook,andwhoknowswhatelsecanbeobtainedandevenpostedonlinewithoutpermission,”可知，个人的相片、地址等可能被获得，甚至没有经过许可就被传到网上，这令人们很担心。此处采用的是同义句表达的方法。选C。4．解析：D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Ifit’snotchanged,thenwe’llturntotheF.T.C.,andifthatdoesn’tworkthenwe’llconsiderlegislativeapproach.”可知，如果不改变，我们就向联邦贸易协会求助，如果那不起作用，我们将考虑法律手段。故选D。5．解析：A推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“ItwasreportedlastweekthatdeveloperscouldtakephotosfromApplemobileandGoogleAndroiddeviceswithoutthephoneownersknowingthattheimageswerebeingtaken.”可知是新闻报道。根据文章的内容可知不是科技内容。故选A项。Passage8.（龙泉中学2022届高三月考）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文彗星撞击地球332★★8分钟 InJuly1994Jupiter,thelargestplanetinoursolarsystem,wasstruckby21piecesofacomet(彗星).Whenthefragments(碎片)landedinthesouthernpartofthegiantplanet,theexplosionswerewatchedbyscientistshereonearth.Butwhatifourownplanetwashitbyacomet? Theyearis2094.IthasbeenannouncedthatacometisheadingtowardstheEarth.Mostofitwillmissourplanet,buttwofragmentswillprobablyhitthesouthernpartoftheEarth.Thenewshascausedpanic. On17July,afragmentfourkilometerswideenterstheEarth'satmospherewithahugeexplosion.Abouthalfofthefragmentisdestroyed.ButthemajorpartsurvivesandhitstheSouthAtlanticat-22-200timesthespeedofsound.Theseaboilsandanenormouswaveiscreatedandspreads.ThewallofwaterrushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometresanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowned.ThewavemovesintotheIndianOceanandheadstowardsAsia. MillionsofpeoplearealreadydeadinthesouthernpartoftheEarth,butthenorthwon'tescapeforlong.Tonsofbrokenpiecesarethrownintotheatmospherebytheexplosions.Asthesunishiddenbycloudsofdust,temperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.Cropsareruined.Warsbreakoutascountriesfightforfood.Ayearlatercivilizationhascollapsed.Nomorethan10millionpeoplehavesurvived. Coulditreallyhappen?Infact,ithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.ThedinosaurswereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeared.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyaspacefragment.Thedinosaurscouldn'tsurviveinthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheybecameextinct.Willwemeetthesameend?1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtotheauthor'sdescriptionofthedisasterin2094?A.Thewholeworldbecomesextremelycold B.AllthecoastalcitiesinAfricaaredestroyedC.Thevisitofthecometresultsinwars D.Thewholemankindbecomesextinct2.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaursattheendofthepassage? A.BecausetheycouldonlyliveinthewarmclimateB.Becausetheirextinctionindicatesfuturedisasters C.BecausetheyoncedominatedtheearthD.Becausedinosaursandhumansneverliveinthesameage3.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto______. A.giveanaccuratedescriptionofthepossibledisasterinthefuture B.provethathumanswillsoonerorlaterbedestroyed C.warnofapossibledisasterinthefutureD.tellthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheEarth4.Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismostprobablypartofa(n)______. A.articleofpopularscienceB.newsreportC.researchpaperD.horrorstory【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类文章。文章讲述了未来由于彗星撞击地球可能会出现的灾难。1.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章的第四段中的“Asthesunishiddenbycloudsofdust,temperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.”可知A正确;根据第三段中的“CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowned.”可知B正确;根据文章的第四段中的“Cropsareruined.Warsbreakoutascountriesfightforfood.”可知C正确;根据文章最后一段中的“Willwemeetthesameend?”可知人类是否会灭绝没有讲清楚。故四个选项中D不正确。2.B解析：推理判断。根据文章的最后两句话“Thedinosaurscouldn'tsurviveinthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheybecameextinct.Willwemeetthesameend?”可知，恐龙在那种寒冷的环境下会灭绝，人类未来也可能有同样的遭遇。故选B。3.C解析：写作意图题。根据文章最后一段中的“Coulditreallyhappen?Infact,ithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.”和“Willwemeetthesameend?”可知，作者在给人类提出未来可能发生灾难的警示。故选C。-22-4.A解析：文章出处题。此处articleofpopularscience为大众科学文章；newsreport为新闻报道；researchpaper为研究论文；horrorstory为恐怖故事。根据文章的大意可知，是一篇大众科学文章。故选A。Passage9（武汉2022届高三新起点调研）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文巴黎之游430★★9分钟Beingabletoexperienceadifferentenvironmentandcustomwillgiveusanewperspectiveoneverythingwethoughtweknewandunderstood．Maybe,goingabroadisanopportunitytolookagainatnotonlythecountryandthepeoplewholivetherebutalsoourselves．IhadneverexpectedtovisitParis．TheFrenchculturedidn'tinterestmethatmuch,andParisseemedtoobig,tootouristy,toomuch．ButwhenIfoundmyselfstandingnexttotheOperaNationaldeParis,completelyaloneandtotallylost,IknewIwasinforaninterestingride.Ihaddecidedtotakeasummerhistoryclassabroad,andParisjusthappenedtobewhereitwasset．Myteachereventuallyfoundmeandotherjet-laggedstudentsandwalkedusdowntowherewewouldbestaying．Eventhen,tired,hungry,andfeelingdisplaced,Iwasunabletokeepmyselffrommarvelingatthebeautyofthecity．Thenextdayinthegrocerystore,tryingtodecideiftheboxIwasholdingcontainedbutterorcreamcheese,IsuddenlyrealizedIwasaforeignerthatdidn’tspeakthelanguage．ThecashierandIhadaconversationcompletelywithgestures．Forthemostpart,itdidn'tseemtobothertheFrenchthatIwasutterlyincompetentinspeakingtheirlanguage．Infact,frommyfirstunclear"bonjour",manyofthemwoulddirectlyswitchovertoEnglish．TimeHewby．Inthemorningswehadclass,andintheafternoonsweweregivenalotoffreedomtodowhatwepleased．Weexploredeverywhereinthecity,becomingexpertsatusingtheMetro,andwalkingsomuchthatourlegsweresoreeverynight．LivinginPariswasahugechangeinmylifestyle.EverythingIdidwasmorerelaxed.Istoppedworryingaboutthefutureandinsteadfocusedonlivinginthepresent．Istoppedwearingawatchbecausetimedidn’tmatter．Weatewhenwewerehungry,wenttobedwhenweweretiredandexploredinbetween．InolongermindthatParisissobig;it'sanold,beautifulmetropolisfullofcultureandhistory．Ononeofmylastdaysthere,standingontopoftheArcduTriumphwitha360degreeviewofParis,Ifinallyadmittedsomethingtomyself．ThecitythatIhadneverwantedtovisithadturnedintothecitythatIneverwantedtoleave．1.ThewritercametoParisbecause______．A．hewantedtohaveaninterestingrideB．heattendedacourseinsummerC．headmireditsbeautifulsceneryD．hewasaloneandlosthisway2.OnthefirstdayinParis,thewriterfelt_____．A．lonelyinthebigcityB．boredwithhisvisitC．surprisedatitsbeautyD．interestedinitsculture3.Theexampleofthegrocerystoreisusedtoillustrate_____．A．thelittleinfluenceoflanguagebarrierB．thebigdifficultyoflivingabroad-22-C．thegreatimportanceofgesturesD．theintelligenceofFrenchpeople4.Bymentioningtheuselessnessofthewatch,theauthorprobablywantstoprove______．A．timeinParisisnotworthcountingB．heenjoysthetimeinParisverymuchC．lifeseemsmeaningfulwithouttimeD．hehastospendalongtimetovisitthebigcity【文章大意】文章介绍作者本来不想去巴黎，但是一个暑假课程让他来到巴黎，第一眼就被巴黎的美景吸引，而且语言交流并没有成为问题，作者在巴黎尽情欣赏美景，以至于忽略了时间。1.B解析：细节理解题。从第二段的句子“Ihaddecidedtotakeasummerhistoryclassabroad,andParisjusthappenedtobewhereitwasset.”可知作者去巴黎是为了上一个暑期课程，故选B。2.C解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的“Eventhen,tired,hungry,andfeelingdisplaced,Iwasunabletokeepmyselffrommarvelingatthebeautyofthecity．”可知作者虽然很累也不能不对巴黎这个城市的美丽感到惊讶。故选C项。3.A解析：推理判断题。从第三段中的“Forthemostpart,itdidn'tseemtobothertheFrenchthatIwasutterlyincompetentinspeakingtheirlanguage．Infact,frommyfirstunclear"bonjour",manyofthemwoulddirectlyswitchovertoEnglish．”可知在商店作者和店主用手势和简单的语言，并不影响交流，故选A。4.B推理判断题。从最后一段中的“EverythingIdidwasmorerelaxed.Istoppedworryingaboutthefutureandinsteadfocusedonlivinginthepresent.Istoppedwearingawatchbecausetimedidn’tmatter.Weatewhenwewerehungry,wenttobedwhenweweretiredandexploredinbetween.”可知作者不带手表了，因为时间不重要，作者很喜欢在巴黎的时间，故选B。Passage10（孝感高中2022届高三期末）体裁话题词数难度建议用时说明文心理科学404★★★9分钟Gettingkidstosharetheirtoysisanever-endingbattle,andforcingthemtodosoneverseemstohelp.Newresearchsuggeststhatallowingchildrentomakeachoicetosacrificetheirowntoysinordertosharewithsomeoneelsemakesthemsharemoreinthefuture.Thenewfindingsarepublishedin PsychologicalScience.Theseexperimentswereconductedbypsychologicalscientists,NadiaChernyakandTamarKushnirofCornellUniversity.Theyfoundthatsharingthingswithotherswhentheyaregivenadifficultchoiceleadschildrentothinkofthemselvesaspeoplewholiketoshare.Italsomakesthemmorelikelytoactinapro-social（亲社会的）mannerinthefuture.Previousresearchhasexplainedwhyrewardingchildrenforsharingcanbackfire.Childrencometothinkofthemselvesaspeoplewhodon'tliketosharesincetheyhadtoberewardedfordoingso.Becausetheydon'tviewthemselvesas"sharers",theyarelesslikelytoshareinthefuture.ChernyakandKushnirwereinterestedinfindingoutwhetherfreelychosensacrificemighthavetheoppositeeffectonkids'willingnesstoshare.Totestthis,theresearchersintroducedfive-year-oldchildrentoDoggie,asadpuppet.Someofthechildrenweregivenadifficultchoice:Shareaprecioussticker（贴纸）withDoggie,orkeepitforthemselves.Otherchildrenweregivenaneasychoicebetweensharingandputtingthestickeraway,whilechildreninathirdgroupwererequired-22-bytheresearchertoshare.Lateron,allthechildrenwereintroducedtoEllie,anothersadpuppet.Theyweregiventheoptionofhowmanystickerstoshare(uptothree).ThekidswhoearliermadethedifficultchoicetohelpDoggiesharedmorestickerswithEllie.ThechildrenwhowereinitiallyfacedwithaneasychoiceorwhowererequiredtogivetheirstickertoDoggie,ontheotherhand,sharedfewerstickerswithEllie.Therefore,childrendidnotbenefitfromsimplygivingsomethingup,butratherfromwillinglychoosingtogivesomethingupofvalue.“Youmightimaginethatmakingdifficult,costlychoicesisdemandingforyoungchildrenoreventhatoncechildrenshare,theydon’tfeeltheneedtodosoagain,”Chernyaksays.“Butthiswasn'tthecase:oncechildrenmadeadifficultdecisiontogiveupsomethingforsomeoneelse,theyweremoregenerous,notless,lateron.”Chernyakconcludes.1._______helpschildrentosharemoreinthefuture.A.RewardingchildrenforsharingB.ForcingchildrentoshareC.AllowingchildrentosharepreciousthingswillinglyD.Allowingchildrentosharewhattheydon’tneed2.Theunderlinedword“backfire”means_______.A.haveanoppositeeffectB.serveasapushC.causeangerD.avoidtakingthingsback3.ThosewhowererequiredtosharegivefewerstickerstoElliebecause_______.A.theyregretwhattheydidB.it’snottheirownchoiceC.EllieisnotassadasDoggieD.theyliketosharewitharealperson4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_______.A.parentswillneverfindawaytogetchildrentosharetoysB.agiftshouldbegiventomakeupforchildren’ssacrificeC.childrenpretendtobegenerouswhentheyarebeingobservedD.makingdifficultchoicesmayinfluencesharingbehavior【文章大意】文章介绍了儿童分享事物的心理科学。有研究表明孩子做出艰难选择会对他们的分享行为有影响，他们可能会变的慷概。1.C解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Newresearchsuggeststhatallowingchildrentomakeachoicetosacrificetheirowntoysinordertosharewithsomeoneelsemakesthemsharemoreinthefuture.”可知，新研究表明，让孩子选择牺牲自己的玩具与别人分享可让他们在未来分享更多东西，因此可知培养孩子分享意愿对孩子将来分享更多东西是有帮助的。故选C。2.A词义猜测题。backfire是“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”的意思。haveanoppositeeffect意为“有反作用”；serveasapush意为“作为一种推动”；causeanger意为“导致某人愤怒”；avoidtakingthingsback意为“避免拿回东西”。只有A项符合划线词义。3.B解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“ThechildrenwhowereinitiallyfacedwithaneasychoiceorwhowererequiredtogivetheirstickertoDoggie,ontheotherhand,sharedfewerstickerswithEllie.”可知，最初孩子们面临着一个简单的选择或着被要求把他们的贴纸给小狗，要么与艾莉分享更少的贴纸。由此可知这是被要求的。故选B。4.D解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知文章表明孩子做出艰难选择会对他们的分享行为有影响，他们可能会变的慷慨概。故D项。-22-
