2022年高考英语语法复习：宾语从句+主语从句知识点讲解与练习题汇编一、考频分析年份宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句总分2021010001.52020000011.52019000101.52018000011.52017000011.52016000011.52015000011.5总结：2019年之前，每年的语法填空必考定语从句；从2019年开始定语从句和名词性从句隔年考。二、知识讲解【宾语从句】一、定义：置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用的从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面也能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二、宾语从句中引导词的用法从属连词（不作从句成分）：that（常可省略),whether,if不译,可省“是否”连接代词（在从句中作主、宾、表、定）：what,which,who,whom,whose“什么”“哪一个”“谁”谁的注意：what的翻译可以为“什么”、“的（东西/事情）”或不译连接副词（在从句作状语）：when,where,why,how等。“何时”“何地”“为何”“如何、怎么”1.从属连词：that（常可省略),whether,if①从属连词that引导的宾语从句⭐that引导宾语从句时不翻译，也不充当从句的句子成分，在非正式场合下that可以省略。Eg.Ithink(that)youareright.我认为你是对的。⭐由并列连词and第12页共12页,和but所连接的两个或两个以上的that从句中，第一个从句的that可以省略，但第二个及其后的从句中的that不可省略。Eg.Hesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasnothungry.他说他没有吃东西，但不饿。⭐在含有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到后面，用it作形式宾语。可这样使用的动词有think,find,feel,consider,make,judge等。Eg.Wethinkitimpossiblethatyoucanfinishthejobtoday.我们认为你今天不可能完成这项工作。⭐that引导的从句一般不能作介词的宾语（but,except,in除外),有时可借助it来表示。Eg.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisawriter.除了知道他是个作家，别的我一无所知。Wedependonitthatyouhelpuswiththework.我们要靠你们来帮助我们完成工作。②.从属连词whether/if的区别⭐whether和if表示“是否”，在宾语从句中不充当句子成分，二者一般可以换用。Eg.Iwonderwhether/ifthereisanyneedtospeedsomuchmoneyontheparty.我想知道是否有必要花那么多钱举办这个聚会。⭐whether引导的从句可用在介词后，if则不可。Eg.Everythingdependsonwhetheryouareforit.一切取决于你是否赞成。Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’llgobackhome.我还没有定下来是否回家。⭐whetherornot连用时，不可用if代替whether。Eg.Idon’tcarewhetherornothecomes.(√)Idon’tcarewhetherhecomesornot.(√)Idon’tcareifhecomesornot.(×)Idon’tcareifornothecomes.(×)⭐在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether，不能用ifWhetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⭐whether后面可以加动词不定式，但是if不能IhavenotdecidedwhethertogotoBeijing.⭐whether可引导让步状语从句，表示“不管”“无论”，但if不能Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.3.连接代词引导的宾语从句what,which,who,whom,whose这五个连接代词本身有词义，在从句中担任句子成分。（1）who在从句中作主语，宾语和表语，whom作宾语。Eg.Iaskedhimwhocameintotheroom.我问他谁到屋里来过了。第12页共12页,Ican’ttellwhomhesaw.我说不上来他看见谁了.（在口语中常用主格who,但在介词之后只能用whom）（2）what,which和whose在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Eg.Doyouknowwhatthegirl’sfatheris?你知道那女孩儿的父亲是干什么的吗？Letmeknowwhichtrainyou’llbearrivingon.告诉我你将坐哪趟火车。ThetwinsaresomuchalikethatIneverknowwhichiswhich.这对双胞胎长得那么相像,我老弄不清谁是谁.Iwonderwhoseisbetter.我想知道谁的更好一些。（3）what(=thething/thingsthat)，意思是“……的事物/的事情”，所引导的从句相当于“先行词+定语从句”。Eg.I can’tdo what youaskedmetodo. 我不能做你要求我做的事。 Shedidwhat shecouldtohelpthepoor.(=Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpthepoor.)她尽力帮助穷人。4.连接副词引导的宾语从句when,where,how,why这四个连接副词本身有词义，分别表示时间、地点、方式及原因，在从句中作状语。Eg.Doyouknowwhentheygotmarried?你知道他们什么时候结的婚吗？Iwonderwhoheis,wherehecamefromandwhyhecame.我很想知道他是谁，从哪儿来，来干什么。5.wh-+ever引导的从句（1）whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever等词引导名词性从句，表示“任何……的人或东西”，在从句中一般作主语和宾语，whatever和whichever也可作定语。在语法作用上，相当于“先行词+关系代词”（whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho）。Eg.I’lljustsaywhatevercomestomymind.我想到什么就说什么.(I’lljustsayanythingthatcomestomymind.）Theinformationwillbeusefultowhoevertakesoverthejob.这一信息将对任何接受这项工作的人有用。=Theinformationwillbeusefultoanyonewhotakesoverthejob.Takewhicheverseatyoulike.你愿坐哪儿就坐哪儿。（2）这类词还可引导让步状语从句，意思是“无论……”，相当于“nomatter+wh-”。Eg.Keepcalm,whateverhappens.不管发生什么事，要保持镇静。Whoeverwantstospeaktomeonthephone,tellhimI’mbusy.不管谁要找我接电话，就说我正忙着呢。第12页共12页,6.如何选择正确的引导词？Step1.判断有两个谓语，并且不用并列连词；Step2.分析主句成分，判断主句缺宾语；Step3.判断从句是否缺少成分；①若从句不缺少成分则选择that或者if、whether，若缺少“是否”含义，则选择if或者whether，否则选that；②若从句缺少成分，则根据句义选择相应的连接代词、连接副词(作状语)等词（关键是看翻译）。例题讲解Policehavefound_____appearstobethelostancientstatue.第一步：整个句子有两个谓语havefound和appears，不用并列连词（如果使用并列连词，导致两个谓语会共用主语，即Policehavefoundandpoliceappears，主谓的数量不一致，不正确）第二步：found后面缺少宾语，为宾语从句第三步：从句缺少主语，应该填写连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose最后看翻译：警察找到了疑似遗失的古老雕像的东西。用what三、宾语从句的时态1.如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态课根据实际情况而定。（“主现从实际”）Eg.Hesaysthathewantsahaircut.HesaysthatheiswatchingTV.Hesaysthathelefthisbookinthedesk.Hesaysthathewillcomebacksoon.2.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（“主过从过”）Eg.Hesaidthathewantedahaircut.HesaidthathewaswatchingTV.Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookinthedesk.Hesaidthathewouldcomebacksoon.3.但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。（“第12页共12页,真理永现”）Eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.4.如何选择正确的从句时态？Step1.确定主句时态；Step2.找出从句的时间关键词；Step3.按照口诀“主现从实际、主过从过、真理现”进行选择相应的时态。Myfriendhadn’tdecidedifhe_____(go)onatriptoWuxionholiday.解题步骤：第一步，主句时态过去完成时，则从句也是过去有关的时态第二步，if引导主将从现，原本需要用willgo第三步，willgo的过去形式为wouldgo四、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都运用陈述句语序，即“主语在前，谓语在后”。Ididn’tknow_____and_______ A.what’shisname;howoldheis B.whathisnamewas;howoldhewas C.whathisnameis;howisheold D.thatwashisname;hewashowold第一步：所有的从句都要陈述语序，即主语+谓语动词，则只有B正确。【拓展】这个考点主要是应用于听说考试（PartB的翻译部分）他是谁？Whoishe？（普通问句，不用从句的语序）你知道他是谁吗？Doyouknowwhoheis?(问句中含有从句，从句的语序为陈述语序)【听说考试最难的翻译——复合疑问句】……觉得/认为+句子？例如：你妈妈认为英国人是几点喝下午茶？WhendoesyourmotherthinkEnglishmenhaveafternoontea?(从句的特殊疑问词提到句首)【主语从句】一、定义：充当主语的从句eg.(Whatyoulike)isdifferent.二、考点：引导词（多数要翻译）（引导词同宾语从句，去if）从属连词：thatwhether第12页共12页,不翻译，+肯定内容“是否”+有疑问内容连接副词：whenwherewhyhow（+ever）“什么时候”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么”、“多么”+形容词/副词连接代词：whatwhichwhowhomwhose（+ever）“什么、的(东西)”“哪一个”“谁”“谁”“谁的”他迟到了让我很生气。Thathewaslatemademeveryangry.他为什么迟到不重要。Whyhewaslateisnotimportant.他迟到多久很重要。Howlonghewaslateisimportant.他喜欢什么不清楚。Whathelikesisunclear.他想要的是一个手表。Whathewantsisawatch.他是否要来还不清楚。Whetherhewillcomeisunclear.三、常考句型主语从句+谓语，此时的从句过长，需要后置，用形式主语it代词主语从句的位置。例：Howlonghewaslateisimportant.→____isimportanthowlonghewaslate.缺主语，使用形式主语it1.主语从句+be+形容词→It+be+形容词+主语从句类似的形容词：true,good,important,funny,strange,natural,interesting,necessary,possible,clear=obvious,likely,wonderful,astonishing,surprising,worth-while,certain,unusual等Eg.Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome. Itisessentialthat heshouldbeherebytheweekend. Itseemsobvious thatwecannotgoonlikethis. Itisnecessarythat you（should）masterthecomputer.2.主语从句+be+名词→It+be+名词+主语从句Thathewonthegameisafact.→Itisafactthathewonthegame.类似的名词：afact/truth,goodnews，apity，nowonder等Eg.Itisamysterytomehow itallhappened. Itiscommonknowledgethat thewhaleisnotafish. Itisnosurprise that Bobshouldhavewonthegame.第12页共12页,3.主语从句+be+过去分词→It+be+done+主语从句Thathewasagreatwriteriswell-known.→Itiswell-knownthathewasagreatwriter.类似的过去分词:known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,reported,said等Eg.Itisusedtobethoughtthatanewstarmustbeduetoacollisionbetweentwostars. Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.4.Itseems不及物动词（happened/appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference/occurred…）that…主语从句不可提前。Eg.Itmakesnodifferencewhether hewillattendthemeetingornot. Itdoesnotmatterif Imissedmytrain. Ithappenedthat Isawhimyesterday.三、随堂练习宾语从句一、用if/whether/that填空1.UncleWangcameuptosee__________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.2.Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather________ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.3.Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.4.________thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?5.________theywilleverbecomefuturescientistsonlytimewilltell.6.It’sgoodtoknow_____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.二、单项选择（时态、语序、引导词）( )1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefood anddrinkwiththem. A.took B.take C.takes D. willtake ( )2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou. A.hasnevergone B. hadnevergone C.hasneverbeen D.hadneverbeen ( )3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday. A.had B.has C.willhave D.are( )4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome. A.couldshe B.shecould C.shecan D.shemay( )5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth. A.travelled B.hastravelled C.travels D.hadtravelled( )6Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty? A.who B.what C.when D.that 第12页共12页,( )7Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam. A.what B.if C.when D.where ( )8Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme. A.that B.what C.which D.who ( )9Shedidn'tknow___backsoon. A.whetherhewouldbe B. ifwouldhebe C.hewillbe D.willhebe( )10Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears. A.whether Bwhere C.what D.when三、单句语法填空1.Itdependson_____itwillbefinetomorrow.2.Iremember____thisusedtobeaquietvillage.3.---Doyouremember____hecame? ---Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.4.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.5.Thesepicturesshowyou_________ourvillagelookslike.6.[2015·全国Ⅱ卷]Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_________thick theadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.7.[2014·广东] Ididn’tunderstand_________thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.8.——Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor? ——Hercousin,Susan.9.[2010·湖南]Foronething,parentshavetimetothinkabout_______theywanttosaybeforetheywrite.10.Ihardlyunderstand___hehastoldme. 11.Hisspeechissoconfusingthatit'sdifficulttomakeout________heistryingtoexpress.12.After________seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager'soffice.13.Iamsurethatifitcametothatpoint,hewoulddo________isexpectedofhim.14.TheGrandTheaterislocatedononecornerof________iscalledthePeople'sSquare.15.Wemustfindout________Karliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.16.Marywroteanarticleon________theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.17.[2015·南通一调]Cooperativelearningallowsustohavemorechancestoacquire________isbeneficialtoourselves.18.TheteacherbegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage，sayingitwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld，and________wemustkeepitamongusandneverforgetit.19.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatter________youhavelivedtherefora第12页共12页,shortoralongtime.20.Readingherbiography(自传), Iwaslostinadmirationfor_________DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.四、翻译1.我们的老师说地球围绕太阳转动。_______________________________________________________________________________2.老师想知道他为什么上学迟到了。_______________________________________________________________________________3.学生们知道他们应该努力学习。_______________________________________________________________________________4.他不知道爷爷是否喜欢那份礼物。_______________________________________________________________________________5.她认为我们应该给她提供完美的服务。_______________________________________________________________________________主语从句一、单项选择1.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem. A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggray. A.while B.that C.if D.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet. A.isnotknown B.arenotknown C.hasnot been known D.havenotknown4._____hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.How B.What C.Why D.This5.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________. A.That…thatyouhadexpected B.What…thatyouhadexpected C.That…whatyouhadexpected D.What…whatyouhadexpected6.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood. A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 7._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee. A.That B.Why C.How D.Who8. It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing. 第12页共12页,A.if B.that C.whether D.How 9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry. A.That B.What C.How D.Which10._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime. A.When B.Why C.What D.That11.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness. A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether12. ____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where二、单句语法填空1.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfromwhatyouhadexpected.2.________theexperimentisworthdoing is uncertain.3._______theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.4.It'sobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(天津卷)5.________ismentionedabovethatthenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.6.Itisourresponsibility,so________Idon'twantnowistopushittothestudents.7.________hemisunderstoodmypositionontheproblemwasobviousfromhiscomments.8.________wecalltheChineseDreamwon'tcometrueuntiltherealizationofthegreatrenewaloftheChinesenation.9.________youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.10.________we’llgocampingdependsontheweathertomorrow.11._____ shecomesornotmakesnodifference.12._____ hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.13.Asthespokeswomansaid,________weshouldtakeactionagainstthemdependsonwhattheywilldo.14.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatter________youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.15.________fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.16.Everyyear,_______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.17.__________willhappentousinthefutureremainsunknown.18.It’sknowntoall___________thegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.19._________mattersisthepartwechoosetoacton.20.____________iscertainthatMikewillnothurtothersinanycase.三、补充主语从句的翻译第12页共12页,1.他喝醉酒导致了这次事故。_______________________________causedthisaccident.2.不确定他是否能够控制他的车。_______________________________isunsure.3.警察将要做的事是去停下他的车。_______________________________________istostopthecar.4.他每天看20小时动漫让他的眼睛变瞎了。___________________________________makeshiseyesblind.5.我们是否应该借钱给他才是问题的重点。 __________________________________isthepoint.四、汉译英。1.他来帮助你是确实无疑的。_______________________________________________________________________________2.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。_______________________________________________________________________________3.他没来参加这个聚会真是一个遗憾。_______________________________________________________________________________4.所有的学生都能上学是他的希望。_______________________________________________________________________________5.谁将去接他还没有确定。 _______________________________________________________________________________第12页共12页,参考答案：宾语从句：一、1.if/whether；2.whether3.whether4.If5.Whether6.that二、1-5ADCBC6-10CBBAA三、1.whether；2.that；3.how；4.which；5.what6.how7.why8.who/whom9.what10.what11.what12.what13.what14.what15.When16.why/how17.what18.That19.whether20.what四、1.Ourteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2.Theteacherwantedtoknowwhyhecametoschoollate.3.Thestudentsknowthattheyshouldlearn(study)hard.4.Hedidn’tknowwhetherhisgrandpalovedthatgift.5.Shethinksthatweshouldgivehertheperfectservice.（Offerprovide）主语从句一、1-5CBCCD6-10DDCAA11-12CB二、1.What2.Whether3.That4.that5.It6.what7.That8.What9.That（不可以用Whether）10.Whether11.Whether12.Who13.whether14.whether15.That16.who17.What18.that19.What20.It三、1.Thathewasdrunk2.Whetherhecancontrolhiscar3.Whatthepolicewilldo4.Thathewatchescartoon20hourseveryday5.Whetherweshouldlendhimmoney四、1.That he will come to your help is certain./Itiscertainthat he will come to your help 2.Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.3.That he didn't attend the party is a pity./Itisa pitythat he didn't attend the party.4.Thatallthestudentscangotoschoolishishope.5.Who will pick him up hasn’t been decided yet.第12页共12页
