考点分类练(五) 推理判断题——隐含信息类A(2021·山东潍坊一模)Toimproveahighschooler’schanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogrammesallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.TellurideAssociationSummerProgramme(TASP)TASPisasix-weekprogrammeallowinghighschoolfreshmenfromaroundtheworldtogrowtheirsenseofinterpersonalawarenessandcommunityresponsibility.It’scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.MinorityIntroductiontoEngineeringandScience(MITES)Thisweek-longprogrammeaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhiletheyarelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.MITESisfreeexceptforthetransportation.ClarkScholarProgramme(CSP)Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperienceinmathematicsfieldwhileworkingwithteachingstaffoverfourintenseweeks.Everythingisfreeforchosenapplicantsexcepttheirmeals.JCampTheseven-weekonebringshighschoolfreshmenandsophomoresfromvariousbackgroundstogetherforparticipatinginsessionsandworkshopsledbynotablejournalistswherestudentscangethands-ontraininginjournalism.JCampisfreeifselected—participantsonlyneedtopayfortheboard.1.WhatcanbeexpectedofMITES?A.Itisaccessibletoworldwidestudents.B.Itlaysafoundationforcareerprospects.C.Itmakesnoextrachargefortransportation.D.Itawardsstudentsadvancedtechnicaldegrees.2.WhichprogrammeissuitableforaUKhighschoolerwithupto5spareweeks?A.TASP. B.MITES.C.CSP.D.JCamp.3.Whatisthesharedgoaloftheprogrammes?A.Toseekforone-on-oneinstruction.B.Todevelopasenseofsocialduty.C.Togetparticipantsbetterpreparedforcollege.D.Toadvertisesomemajorsofthetopuniversities.B(2021·山东济南高考诊断性测试)Mostteenagersarestilltryingtofindtheirpassionandpurposesinlife.However,notGitanjaliRao.Thegirlhasbeencomingupwithinnovativesolutionstoworldwideproblemssinceshewasten.Itis,therefore,notsurprisingthattheteenagerhaswonthehonourof“America’sTopYoungScientist”.Inthethirdgrade,Raowasinspiredtobuildadeviceafterwitnessingtheshockingstoryunfold
inFlint,Michigan,wherecost-cuttingmeasuresledtotheuseofapollutedriverasthecity’sprimarywatersupplyandincrediblyhighlevelsofleadmadeitswayintopeople’sdrinkingwater.Aftertwomonths’research,Raodesignedasmallandportabledevicethatusedsensorstoinstantlydetectleadinwater.CalledTethys,itattachestoacellphoneandinformstheresidentsviaanappiftheirdrinkingwatercontainslead.Thedesignearnedherthe3MYoungScientistChallengein2017.SheiscurrentlyworkingwithscientistsandmedicalprofessionalstotestTethys’potentialandhopesthedevicewillbereadyforcommercialuseinthenearfuture.Later,Raotookonanothersocialissue—drugaddiction.Herapp,calledEpione,whichwonaprizeinMay2019,isdesignedtocatchdrugaddictioninyoungadultsbeforeit’stoolate.Morerecently,theteenagerhasdevelopedanappnamedKindly,whichusesartificialintelligencetechnologytodetectpossiblesignsofcyberbullying(网络欺凌).Whenuserstypeinawordorphrase,Kindlyisabletopickitupifit’sbullying,andthenitgivestwooptions.Itgivesthemthechancetorethinkwhattheyaresayingsothattheyknowwhattodonexttime.4.WhatgaveRaotheideaofinventingthedeviceTethys?A.Theincidentofleadpollution.B.Theissuewithdrugaddiction.C.Theshortageofwatersupplies.D.Thehighcostofpurifyingwater.5.WhatwillKindlyallowuserstodo?A.Receivepre-warningsignalsofthreat.B.Inputwordsintoacomputerautomatically.C.Choosefromsecuresocialnetworkingsites.D.Weightheirwordsbeforepostingthemonline.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGitanjaliRaoasayoungscientist?A.Ambitiousandhumble.B.Optimisticandadventurous.C.Talkativeandoutstanding.D.Creativeandproductive.C(2021·山西太原高三二模)Sometimeago,inmyclassIwasabouttofailastudentforhisanswertoaphysicsquestionwhenthestudentclaimedhedeservedabetterscore.“Showhowitispossibletodeterminetheheightofatallbuildingwiththeaidofabarometer(气压计).”Thestudenthadanswered,“Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding,attachalongropetoit,lowerthebarometertothestreet,andthenbringitup,measuringthelengthoftherope.Thelengthoftheropeistheheightofthebuilding.”Iarguedthatahighgradeshouldprovehiscompetenceinphysics,buttheanswerdidnotconfirmthis.Isuggestedthatthestudenthaveanothertry.Immediately,heworkedouthisanswer:Asecondbestwayistotakethebarometertothetopofthebuilding.Dropthebarometer,timingitsfallwithastopwatch.Then,usingtheformulatocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.Iwasshockedbyhisanswer.HismethodgavemenotonlyabrokenbarometerbutaU-turninmyteachingphilosophy.Igavehimfullmarks.
Onhisleavingmyoffice,Irecalledthathesuggestedtherecouldbeabetteranswer.SoIaskedhimwhatitwas.“Oh,yes,”saidthestudent,“Therearemanyways.Probablythebest,”hesaid,“istotakethebarometertothebasementandaskthesuperintendent(管理人).Youspeaktohimasfollows:MrSuperintendent,hereIhaveafinebarometer.Ifyoutellmetheheightofthisbuilding,Iwillgiveittoyou.”Atthispoint,Iaskedthestudentifhereallydidnotknowtheconventionalanswertothisquestion.Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolinstructors’tryingtoteachhimhowtothink,andtousetheso-called“scientificmethod”.Hejustwantedtosolvetheprobleminapracticalmanner,notjustanswerthequestioninanexpectedway.Hearingthis,Ireallyhadnothingtodobutgivetheboyafirmhandshake,feelingthankfulthatIhadn’tfailedhiminthefirstplace.7.Whydidtheauthorwanttofailthestudentinthefirstplace?A.Thestudentchallengedhisauthority.B.Thestudent’sanswerwasnotpractical.C.Thestudentdidn’tshowhisacademicability.D.Thestudenthadapoorperformanceinphysicsclass.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’snewteachingphilosophy?A.Withoutlove,thereisnoeducation.B.Amanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.C.Teachingistomaketwoideasgrowwhereonlyonegrewbefore.D.Youcanleadyourhorsetotheriver,butyoucan’tmakeitdrink.9.Whatmadethestudentabandontheconventionalanswer?A.Lackofphysics-relatedknowledge.B.Ignoranceoftheteacher’sexpectation.C.Intentiontodeeplyimpresshisteacher.D.Disapprovalofexistingteachingconcepts.10.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thesuperintendentwasagreedyperson.B.Schooleducationrestrictedthisstudent’sthinking.C.Theteacherappreciatedthestudent’sanswersfinally.D.Theexaminationquestionisatoughphysicsproblem.考点分类练(五) 推理判断题——隐含信息类【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个帮助学生做好上大学准备的暑期项目。1.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thisweek-longprogrammeaimedatallUShighschoolstudentscanhelpthemdeveloptheskillsnecessaryforfuturejobinengineeringwhiletheyarelearningaboutthevalueandrewardofacquiringadvancedtechnicaldegrees.”可知,MITES有望为职业前景打下基础。故选B项。2.C 解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Highschoolstudentscomingfromacrosstheglobeareofferedtheuniqueopportunitytogainhands-onresearchexperience...overfourintenseweeks.”可知,CSP课程适合最多有5周课余时间的英
国高中生。故选C项。3.C 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段“Toimproveahighschooler’schanceofgettingintoatopuniversity,thesummerprogrammesallowyoungstudentstoexplorefieldsofinterestandgetatasteofcollegelife.”并结合文章主要介绍的四个暑期项目可知,这些项目的共同目标是让参与者为上大学做好准备。故选C项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①tasten.体验;尝试②freshmann.(大学一年级)新生③interpersonaladj.人际的④engineeringn.工程;工程学重点语块⑤communityresponsibility社会责任⑥gainhands-onresearchexperience获得实际研究经验⑦participatein参加精彩句式⑧It’scompletelyfree,includingthecostoftuition,booksandeventravel.它是完全免费的,包括学费、书费甚至旅行费。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。青少年发明家GitanjaliRao从10岁开始就一直在为解决世界问题而想出各种创新的方案,文章主要介绍了她的三个发明及她所获得的荣誉。4.A 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,铅污染事件使得Rao萌生了发明Tethys装置的想法。故选A项。5.D 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Whenuserstypeinawordorphrase,Kindlyisabletopickitupifit’sbullying,andthenitgivestwooptions.Itgivesthemthechancetorethinkwhattheyaresayingsothattheyknowwhattodonexttime.”可知,Kindly能够让用户在发表自己的话语之前,先衡量下他们的话语是否合适。故选D项。6.D 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的“Inthethirdgrade,RaowasinspiredtobuildadeviceafterwitnessingtheshockingstoryunfoldinFlint,Michigan...”可知,Rao是富有创造力的;再根据她发明的Tethys,Epione,Kindly并结合第一段的“Thegirlhasbeencomingupwithinnovativesolutionstoworldwideproblemssinceshewasten.”可知,她是一位多产的发明家。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①incrediblyadv.令人难以置信;极其②(熟词生义)leadn.铅③instantlyadv.立刻;马上④professionaln.专业人士;专家精彩句式⑤Itis,therefore,notsurprisingthattheteenagerhaswonthehonour.因此,这位少年获得这个荣誉并不令人惊讶。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一名老师,前段时间因为一个学生的物理题的答案不正确而打算给他不及格,但这个学生给出了不同的答案,这让作者的教学哲学发生了很大的转变。7.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段“Sometimeago,inmyclassIwasabouttofailastudentforhisanswertoaphysicsquestionwhenthestudentclaimedhedeservedabetterscore.”和第三段的第一句可知,作者一开始想让这个学生不及格是因为这个学生没有表现出他的学术能力。故选C项。8.C 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的“Isuggestedthatthestudenthaveanothertry.Immediately,heworkedouthisanswer...Then,usingtheformulatocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.”和第四段的“Iwasshockedbyhisanswer.HismethodgavemenotonlyabrokenbarometerbutaU-turninmyteachingphilosophy.”以及最后一段的内容可知,这名学生的不同答案启发作者可以有更好的解答方式,所以作者新的教学哲学应是“教学就是在以前只有一个思想的地方,让两个思想生长”。故选C项。9.D 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolinstructors’tryingtoteachhimhowtothink...Hejustwantedtosolvetheprobleminapracticalmanner,notjustanswerthequestioninanexpectedway.”可知,因为不赞成现有的教学观念,这个学生放弃了传统的答案。故选D项。10.C 解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Hearingthis,Ireallyhadnothingtodobutgivetheboyafirmhandshake,feelingthankfulthatIhadn’tfailedhiminthefirstplace.”可推知,老师最终对这个学生的回答表示赞赏。故选C项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词①timev.计时②stopwatchn.秒表重点语块③befedupwith...厌烦……④inthefirstplace当初
