Period5GrammarTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisisthefifthperiod,whichwillcenteronthegrammar:usingthepastparticipleastheattributeandthepredicative.Atthebeginningofthisperiod,theteachershouldgivethestudentssometimetogooverwhattheylearnedinthelastperiod.Latertheteacherhadbetterpresentsomesentencescontainingthepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicativeonpurposebyaskingthestudentstodosomeexercises.Getthestudentstofindallthesentencescontainingthepastparticipleinthetwopassages.Afterfindingthem,theteachercanaskthestudentstoanalyzethemandunderstandthefunctionofthepastparticipleinthosesentences.Afterthattheteachershouldgivethestudentsclearexplanationsabouttheusageofthegrammar.Aftermasteringtherulesofthepastparticiple,thestudentsshouldbegivenmoreexercisestoconsolidatewhattheylearn.Theteachershouldarrangesomeactivitiescarefullyandcreatively.Firstletthemdosomesimpleexercises.Forexample,combinethetwosentencesusingthepastparticipleastheattributeandthepredicative.Thenaskthemtomakesomesentencesusingthepastparticiple.Besidesthat,theteachershouldhelpthestudentstoreviewtheotherusagesofthepastparticiple.Intheend,letthemwriteapassageusingthepastparticipleproperly.Apartfromtheusageofthepastparticiple,theteacherhadbettermakethestudentsunderstandthedifferencesbetweenthepastparticipleandthepresentparticiple.Inordertohavethestudentsmasterit,theteachershouldchoosesomeexercisestosupplythestudentswithsomeproblemstodealwith.Bydoingandpracticingmore,thestudentsmaymasterthegrammar.TeachingImportantPointTolearnaboutthepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicative.TeachingDifficultyToknowthedifferencesbetweenthepastparticipleandthepresentparticiple.TeachingAidsMulti-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools.ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeAimTolearnaboutthepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicative.AbilityAimTousethepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredictivefreelyandproperlyinspeakingandwriting.EmotionalAimsEncouragethestudentslearnmoreaboutthegrammar.Helpthestudentstoformthegoodhabitinlearning.Encouragethestudentstodomoreexercisestoconsolidatetheirknowledge.TeachingProcedureStep1GreetingT:Hello,myfriends.Ss:Hello,Miss...Step2RevisionT:Doyoustillrememberwhatyoulearnedinthisunit?Wouldyoupleasesaysomething,aboutthegreatscientistswelearnedinthisunit.FirstpleasesomethingaboutJohnSnow.S:Johnsnow,awell-knowndoctorinLondon,defeatedcholera.S:Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.S:JohnSnowgatheredtheinformationandmarkeditonamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.S:Hediscoveredthatmanyofthedeathswerenearthewater.Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.Ss:...T:Youreallydidaverygoodjob.Now,let’ssaysomethingaboutNicolausCopernicus.S1:NicolausCopernicusbelievedthattheearthisnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.ButatthattimepeopleallbelievedGodhadmadetheworldandforthatreasontheearthwasspecialandmustbethecentreofthesolarsystem.S2:In1514heshowedhistheoryprivatelytohisfriendsandexplainedhistheory.S3:HewasverycautiousbecausehedidnotwanttobeattackedbytheChristianchurch.S4:Hepublishedhistheoryashelaydyingin1543.S5:HistheorywasrejectedbytheChristianChurch.Step3PresentationT:Todaywewilllearnthegrammar—pastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicative.FirstlookatyourtextonPage4,partI.Lookatthefollowingsentenceswherethepastparticiplesareused.T:Inthissentencethepastparticipleisusedasanattributephrase.Terrifiedpeoplemeanspeoplewhowereterrified.Nowpleasefindtwomoreexamplesfromthereadingpassageswithpastparticiplesusedastheattribute.Youareallowedtofindasmanysentencesaspossibleintwominutes.(Twominuteslater,askthestudentstoreportwhattheyhavefound.)S1:Fromthestomachthediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyandsoontheaffectedpersonwasdead.S2:ImmediatelyJohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthewaterpumpsoitcouldnotbeused.S3:JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexaminedandnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.S4:Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystem.T:Good.Youjustfoundallthesentencescontainingthepastparticiplesusedastheattributes.Besidesusingastheattribute,thepastparticiplescanalsobeusedasthepredicative.Canyoufindthesentenceswithpastparticiplesusedasthepredicative?Finishitintwominutes.(Twominuteslater,letthestudentsreadthesesentenceswithpastparticiplesasthepredicative.)S1:Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.S2:Heknewitwouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.S3:Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.S4:TheyweregivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.S5:Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver,whichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.,S6:ImmediatelyJohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthewaterpumpsoitcouldnotbeused....Step4PractisingT:Fromthesentencesmentionedjustnow,whatdoyouknowabouttheusageofpastparticiplesastheattributeandthepredicative?S:Weusepastparticiplesasattributeswhenwewanttojointwoclausestogether.T:Yes,verygood.Nowlet’slookatthescreenandfinishtheexercisesquickly.PastParticipleastheAttributePastParticipleasthePredicative1.terrifiedpeople2.reservedseats3.pollutedwater4.acrowdedroom5.apleasedwinner6.7.8.9.10.1.2.3.4.5.6.childrenwholookastonished7.avasethatisbroken8.adoorthatisclosed9.theaudiencewhofeeltired10.ananimalthatistrappedSuggestedanswers:1.peoplewhoareterrified 2.seatswhicharereserved 3.waterwhichispolluted 4.aroomwhichiscrowded 5.awinnerwhoispleased 6.astonishedchildren 7.abrokenvase 8.acloseddoor 9.thetiredaudience 10.atrappedanimal过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。如:Thedestroyedhousewillberebuiltnextyear.这种情况下的过去分词为及物动词的过去分词。不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独作前置定语,少数表示状态改变或位置转移的动词的过去分词可前置,仅表示时间的完成,无被动意义。而现在分词表示动作正在进行。如:fallingleaves正在下落的树叶 adevelopingcountry发展中国家 theboilingwater沸水fallenleaves落叶 adevelopedcountry发达国家 theboiledwater(凉）开水T:Besidesthis,thepastparticiplecanbeputafterthenountomodifythenounform,forexample,Thefamouswriter’splay,mentionedinoneofmybooks,waspublishedin1963.Doyouunderstandthesentence?S:Thefamouswriter’splay,whichwasmentionedinoneofmybooks,waspublishedin1963.T:Yes,verygood.Inthissentencewecangettwopiecesofinformation.A:Thefamouswriter’splaywaspublishedin1963. B:Theplaywasmentionedinoneofmybooks.Now,let’sdosomeexercisestocombinetwosentencestogetherusingpastparticipleastheattribute.1.Thisisoneofthequestions. Itwasdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.S:Itisoneofthequestionsdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.T:Hisletterwasaddressedtothewrongnumber.Itreachedmelate.S:Hisletter,addressedtothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.T:Thestudentsdidn’tknowhowtoanswerit.Theyweresurprisedatthewaythequestionwasput.S:Thestudents,surprisedatthewaythequestionwasput,didn’tknowhowtoanswer,it.T:Theaudienceallvoicedsupportforthesuggestion.Theyweremovedbyhisspeech.S:Theaudience,movedbyhisspeech,allvoicedsupportforhissuggestion.T:Basketballisnowaninterestingsport.ItwasfirstplayedintheUSA.S:Basketball,firstplayedintheUSA,isnowaninterestingsport.T:Welldone.注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况:1.单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如:theterrifiedpeople,thepollutedwater,theastonishedpeople。单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。如:Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。2.过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。如:ThemanchosenmayorofthecityreceivedaDoctor’sDegreeofEngineering.3.如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。如:Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?4.单个过去分词前加一名词或副词,常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词,放在其修饰的名词前,作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。如:anewly-bornbaby,awell-knowndoctor。T:Nowlet’scometothepastparticipleusedasthepredicative.Generallyspeakingthepastparticipleusedasthepredicativeshowsthestatethesubjectremains.(过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。)eg:Iwassurprisedtofindthatsuchgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinthecollege.Nowlookatthescreen.Finishtheexercisesquickly.1.Hegot__________aboutlosingthemoney.2.Whydoyoualwayslookso__________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?3.Iwas__________withthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.Everybodywas__________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar.5.Thechildrenarereally__________aboutgoingtothezoo.6.Hiswoundbecame__________withanewvirus.Suggestedanswers:1.worried 2.tired 3.disappointed 4.astonished 5.excited 6.infectedT:Welldone.Step5FurtherPractisingT:Nowlet’sdosomeexercises.1.TheOlympicGames,__________(play)in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget__________(pay)bythehour.3.Mostofthepeople__________(invite)tothepartydidn’tturnupbecauseoftheheavyrain.4.Whoistheman__________(talk)toourheadmaster?5.Theprofessor__________(pay)avisittoourschoolisfromBeijingUniversity.6.The__________(die)manwasimmediatelytakentohospital.7.Thesoldiersgotoffthetruckandmovedthe__________(fall)treeawayfromthehighway.8.We__________(surprise)tofindthatfewofthestudentsdidtheexperimentwell.,Suggestedanswers:1～8:played,paid,invited,talking,paying,dying,fallen,surprisedStep6ConsolidationT:Inthisperiod,wemainlyfocusonthepastparticipleusedastheattributeandthepredicative.Afterclass,wouldyoupleasewriteapassagecontainingpastparticiplesandpresentparticiples,whichshowsthatyouhaveknownhowtousepastparticiplesproperly?Besides,youwillalsohavetofinishtheexercisesonPage44Ex1-2usingthepastparticiple.TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboardUnit1 GreatscientistsPeriod5GrammarPastparticiplesusedastheattributePastparticiplesusedasthepredicative1.Itisoneofthequestionsdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.2.Hisletter,addressedtothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.3.Theaudience,movedbyhisspeech,allvoicedsupportforhissuggestion.4.Basketball,firstplayedintheUSA,isnowaninterestingsport.1.Hegotworriedaboutlosingthemoney.2.Whydoyoualwayslooksotired?3.IwasdisappointedwiththefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.4.Everybodywasastonishedtohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar.5.Thechildrenarereallyexcitedaboutgoingtothezoo.ResearchandActivitiesSupposeyouaremayorofWuxi.Findoutmeasurestostoppollution.Pleaseusethepastparticipleastheattributeandthepredicative.NowadayseveryoneinWuxiisworriedabouttheenvironment.Theairispolluted.Thewaterispolluted.Wecannotbreathethepollutedairanymore.Let’stakeaction—Studentsshouldusetheirimaginationandcreativitytocontinuethewriting.ReferenceforTeaching现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。1.单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰之前（有些单个过去分词作宾语时,也可放在被修饰词之后）,如:分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后,有时可用定语从句代替。单个分词作前置定语表示被修饰词所发出的动作,即分词动作的逻辑主语是它修饰的词。如:TheexcitingnewsthatChineseathleteswonover20goldmedalsinSydney2000OlympicGamesinspiredallofus.（单个现在分词作前置定语,表示被修饰词所发出的动作,即Thenewswasexciting.）Thebuildinglyingonthewestoftheseacostsome20000000dollars.（现在分词短语作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句thatlies）现在分词表示主动的动作或正在进行的主动动作,如:boilingwater,therisingsun,developingcountry;过去分词表示被动动作或已完成的动作,如:boiledwater,therisensun,developedcountry。2.分词作后置定语应注意:(1)现在分词表示的动作:①一个正在进行的动作,如:Canyouseetheshipdisappearing(thatisdisappearing)inthedistance?②表示将来的动作,如:Canyoutellmethenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty(whowillcometotheparty)?,③表示某个经常性的动作或状态,如;Thegirllookingafter(wholooksafter)Harry’schildrengets200dollarsaweek.(2)过去分词表示的动作:①发生在谓语动词的动作之前,如:Isthisthebookwritten(thatwaswritten)byHenryJames?②与句中谓语动词是相应的经常性的动作,如:Hewasthenaprofessorrespected(thatwasrespected)byalltheteachersandstudentsofthecollege.③being+过去分词结构表示动作正在进行,如:The65-storeyedbuildingbeingbuilt(thatisbeingbuilt)willberunbyaUScompany.正在建设的那座65层大楼将由一家美国公司经营。④tobe+过去分词结构表示一个将来动作,如:Hewasinvitedtotheconferencetobeheld(thatwillbeheld)inShanghaiinMay2001.分词前置Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到东升的旭日。Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人。分词后置(i.分词词组;ii.个别分词如given,left;iii.修饰不定代词something等)Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那里。Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的问题。Thereisnothinginteresting.没有有趣的东西。过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.典型例题1)Thefirsttextbook__________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury. A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written解析：书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语表被动,相当于定语从句whichiswritten。答案：D2）What’sthelanguage__________inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak解析：主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language,spoken与language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:What’sthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman?答案：B3.作表语的分词通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。如:(1)Thestoryisinteresting.故事有趣。Weareinterestedincomputers.我们对计算机感兴趣。,(2)Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯破了。(3)Thewaterisboiled.水是开的。两种形式的过去分词在英语中,有些动词有两种过去分词形式,并且它们在用法和意义上不同1)learned/learnt两者都可用在完成式中构成谓语,但learned还可作定语“博学的”之意解。而learnt不能。[举例]Wehavelearned/learnt200newwordssincelastterm.从上学期开始,我们已经学了200个新词了。ProfessorWangisalearnedman.王教授是个有学问的人。2)lighted/litlighted可用作定语,lit用作表语。[举例]Thelightedcandlelitthewholeroom.点燃了的蜡烛照亮了房间。Thecigaretteisnotlit.烟没点着。3)hung/hangedhung意为“悬挂”,hanged意为“绞死,吊死”。[举例]Afamouspaintingishungonthewall.墙上挂着一幅名画。Hewashangedbyhisenemy.他是被敌人绞死的。4)hid/hiddenhid用于完成时,hidden可作表语和定语。[举例]Thesunishidden.太阳被云遮住了。Theremustbesomeonehiddeninthecupboard.一定有人藏在柜子里。Wherehaveyouhidmybook?你把我的书藏在哪儿了？5)struck/strickenstruck用于完成时构成谓语,stricken用作定语,还可表示“受到打击”。[举例]Theclockhasstruckthree.时钟已敲响了三点。Therescueteamsracedtothestrickenship.救援队立刻前往抢救遇难船只。6)born/borneborn既可用作表语,又可用作定语,borne用于完成时构成谓语。[举例]HewasborninJapanin1973.他于1973年出生于日本。Sheisabornsinger.她是个天生的歌唱家。Shehasbornetwoboys.她已经生了两个男孩。7)burned/burntburned强调燃烧的动作,burnt强调状态或结果,还可用作定语。[举例]Alotofpeoplewereburnedinthebigfire.很多人在那场大火中被烧死了。,Oilisburntincars.汽车用汽油作燃料。Theburntpeoplearebeingtreatedinhospital.烧伤的人们正在住院接受治疗。8)sunk/sunkensunk用作表语,sunken用作定语。[举例]TheshipofTitanicwassunkforever.泰坦尼克永久地沉没了。Thesunkenboatcouldneverbefound.那艘沉船再也没有找到。9)melted/moltenmelted用作表语,molten用作定语。[举例]Theiceintheriverismelted.河里的冰融化了。Themoltensteellookslikewater.熔化了的钢看上去像水一样。
